Published Online
on April 18, 2005

A more recent version of this article appeared on May 1, 2005

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Submitted on September 16, 2004
Revised on October 7, 2004

Ouabain-Like Compound Changes Rapidly on Physical Exercise in Humans and Dogs. Effects of -Blockade and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition

Natali Bauer; Jochen Müller-Ehmsen; Ulrike Krämer; Njde Hambarchian; Carsten Zobel; Robert H.G. Schwinger; Horst Neu; Ulrike Kirch; Ernst-Günther Grünbaum; and Wilhelm Schoner^*

From the Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine and Forensic Affairs (N.B., H.N., E.-G.G.), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Department of Internal Medicine III (J.M.-E., N.H., C.Z., R.H.G.S.), University of Cologne, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine (U.K.), University of Tübingen; Institute of Biochemistry and Endocrinology (U.K., W.S.), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Federal Republic of Germany.

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Wilhelm.Schoner{at}vetmed.uni-giessen.de.

Abstract--Ouabain, an inhibitor of the sodium pump, has been identified as a constituent of bovine adrenal glands. We were interested whether the release of this cardiotonic steroid is stimulated by physical exercise. Hence, athletes and healthy dogs were subjected to ergometry. Ouabain-like compound (OLC) was measured in venous blood by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as well as by ⁸⁶Rb⁺ uptake inhibition (as ouabain equivalents). OLC increased in venous blood of athletes after 15 minutes of ergometry from 2.5±0.5 to 86.0±27.2 nmol/L (n=51; P<0.001), as did the concentration of a circulating inhibitor of the sodium pump from 7.3±1.7 to 129.8±51 nmol/L (ouabain equivalents, P<0.05). Half-maximal increase in heart rate and systolic blood pressure occurred at 5.1±1.2 nmol/L and at 30±1 nmol/L OLC, respectively. On rest, OLC decreased in humans and dogs with a half-life of 3 to 5 minutes. In beagles exposed to moderate exercise on a treadmill for 13 minutes, levels of OLC increased 46-fold (from 3.7±0.8 to 166.9±91.8 nmol/L; n=6; P<0.005). This effect was suppressed when the dogs had been treated for 3 weeks with the ₁-adrenergic receptor blocker atenolol or the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazepril. We conclude that OLC changes rapidly during exercise and is under the control of norepinephrine and angiotensin II.

Key words: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor • -blocker • circulation • endogenous ouabain • hypertension • sodium pump hypertension

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