Published Online
on May 2, 2005

A more recent version of this article appeared on June 1, 2005

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Submitted on January 10, 2005
Revised on January 19, 2005

Relationship of Office, Home, and Ambulatory Blood Pressure to Blood Glucose and Lipid Variables in the PAMELA Population

Giuseppe Mancia^*; Rita Facchetti; Michele Bombelli; Hernan Polo Friz; Guido Grassi; Cristina Giannattasio; and Roberto Sega

From the Istituto di Clinica Medica (G.M., R.F., M.B., H.P.F., G.G., C.G., R.S.), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Prevenzione e Biotecnologie Sanitarie, Università Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale S Gerardo, Monza, Milan, Italy; Istituto Auxologico Italiano (G.M., G.G., C.G.), Milan, Italy; and Centro di Fisiologia Clinica e Ipertensione (G.M., G.G., C.G.), IRCCS, Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, Italy.

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: giuseppe.mancia{at}unimib.it.

Abstract--Alterations in blood glucose and cholesterol are more frequently detectable in hypertensive than in normotensive conditions. However, no information exists as to whether this phenomenon involves only office or also home and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ie, when values are representative of daily life). In 2045 subjects enrolled in the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate E Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) study, we measured home, 24-hour, and office blood pressure. Measurements also included fasting blood glucose and serum total and HDL cholesterol values. Prevalence of diabetes (126 mg/dL or use of antidiabetic drugs), impaired fasting blood glucose (110 to <126 mg/dL), and hypercholesterolemia (serum total cholesterol 240 mg/dL or 200 mg/dL) increased progressively from "optimal" to "normal," " high-normal," and "elevated" office systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Fasting blood glucose and total serum cholesterol also increased progressively from the first to the fourth group, with HDL cholesterol values showing a concomitant progressive decrease. This was also the case for quartiles of office, home, and 24-hour blood pressure. In the whole population, there was a positive correlation between serum cholesterol or blood glucose and all blood pressure values (P always <0.0001), with a much smaller and less consistent relationship with heart rate. In a multivariate analysis that included gender, body mass index, age, and antihypertensive treatment, all blood pressure values remained highly significantly related to values of either metabolic variables. Thus, in the PAMELA population, glucose and lipid values are independently related to blood pressure. This is also the case when daily life blood pressure values are considered.

Key words: blood pressure monitoring, ambulatory • cholesterol • glucose • lipids

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