Published Online
on December 12, 2005

A more recent version of this article appeared on January 1, 2006

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Submitted on July 20, 2005
Revised on August 3, 2005

Dyslipidemia and the Risk of Incident Hypertension in Men

Ruben O. Halperin; Howard D. Sesso^*; Jing Ma; Julie E. Buring; Meir J. Stampfer; and J. Michael Gaziano

From the Divisions of Aging and Preventive Medicine (R.O.H., H.D.S., J.E.B., J.M.G.) and Channing Laboratory (J.M., M.J.S.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (R.O.H., H.D.S., J.M.G.), VA Boston Healthcare System; and Department of Epidemiology (J.E.B., M.J.S.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hsesso{at}hsph.harvard.edu.

Abstract--Evidence suggests that hypertension may share a similar pathophysiology with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Thus, dyslipidemia, a strong predictor of CVD, may also predict incident hypertension. We analyzed 3110 men free of hypertension, CVD, and cancer from the Physicians’ Health Study, who provided baseline blood samples from which we measured total cholesterol (TC) and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and calculated non-HDL-C and the TC/HDL-C ratio. We categorized each lipid parameter into quintiles and considered National Cholesterol Education Project clinical cut points. Other risk factor information was provided from self-reports on the baseline questionnaire. Incident hypertension was defined as either the initiation of antihypertensive treatment, self-reported systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg, or diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg. Over a mean follow-up of 14.1 years, 1019 men developed hypertension. In Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for lifestyle and clinical risk factors, men in the highest quintile of TC, non-HDL-C, and TC/HDL-C ratio had increased risks of developing hypertension of 23%, 39%, and 54%, respectively, compared with participants in the lowest quintile. Furthermore, men in the highest quintile of HDL-C had a 32% decreased risk of developing hypertension compared with those in the lowest quintile. Models using National Cholesterol Education Project cut points demonstrated similar associations with hypertension. Models excluding men with diabetes and obesity maintained an independent association between baseline lipids and hypertension. These prospective cohort data suggest that dyslipidemias may lead to the subsequent development of hypertension. Thus, plasma lipids may be useful in the identification of men at risk for hypertension.

Key words: cholesterol • lipids • hypertension • blood pressure • men • prospective studies

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