Abstract--Voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channels Ca_v1.2 (L type) and Ca_v2.1 (P/Q type) are expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and are important for the contraction of renal resistance vessels. In the present study we examined whether native renal VSMCs coexpress L-, P-, and Q-type Ca²⁺ currents. The expression of both Ca_v2.1a (P-type) and Ca_v2.1b (Q-type) mRNA was demonstrated by RT-PCR in renal preglomerular vessels from rats and mice. Immunolabeling was performed on A7r5 cells, renal cryosections, and freshly isolated renal VSMCs with anti-Ca_v1.2 and anti-Ca_v2.1 antibodies. Conventional and confocal microscopy revealed expression of both channels in all of the smooth muscle cells. Whole-cell patch clamp on single preglomerular VSMCs from mice showed L-, P-, and Q-type currents. Blockade of the L-type currents by calciseptine (20 nmol/L) inhibited 35.6±3.9% of the voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ current, and blocking P-type currents (-agatoxin IVA 10 nmol/L) led to 20.2±3.0% inhibition, whereas 300 nmol/L of agatoxin IVA (blocking P/Q-type) inhibited 45.0±7.3%. In rat aortic smooth muscle cells (A7r5), blockade of L-type channels resulted in 28.5±6.1% inhibition, simultaneous blockade of L-type and P-type channels inhibited 58.0±11.8%, and simultaneous inhibition of L-, P-, and Q-type channels led to blockade (88.7±5.6%) of the Ca²⁺ current. We conclude that aortic and renal preglomerular smooth muscle cells express L-, P-, and Q-type voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channels in the rat and mouse.