Published Online
on October 23, 2006

A more recent version of this article appeared on December 1, 2006

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Submitted on August 8, 2006
Revised on August 19, 2006

Low Carbohydrate/High-Fat Diet Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy, Remodeling, and Altered Gene Expression in Hypertension

Isidore C. Okere; Martin E. Young; Tracy A. McElfresh; David J. Chess; Victor G. Sharov; Hani N. Sabbah; Brian D. Hoit; Paul Ernsberger; Margaret P. Chandler; and William C. Stanley^*

From the Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Nutrition, and Medicine (I.C.O., T.A.M., D.J.C., B.D.H., P.E., M.P.C., W.C.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; the Department of Medicine (V.G.S., H.N.S.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Henry Ford Heart and Vascular Institute, Detroit, Mich; and US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center (M.E.Y.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex.

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: wcs4{at}case.edu.

Abstract--The effects of dietary fat intake on the development of left ventricular hypertrophy and accompanying structural and molecular remodeling in response to hypertension are not understood. The present study compared the effects of a high-fat versus a low-fat diet on development of left ventricular hypertrophy, remodeling, contractile dysfunction, and induction of molecular markers of hypertrophy (ie, expression of mRNA for atrial natriuretic factor and myosin heavy chain ). Dahl salt-sensitive rats were fed either a low-fat (10% of total energy from fat) or a high-fat (60% of total energy from fat) diet on either low-salt or high-salt (6% NaCl) chow for 12 weeks. Hearts were analyzed for mRNA markers of ventricular remodeling and activities of the mitochondrial enzymes citrate synthase and medium chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase. Similar levels of hypertension were achieved with high-salt feeding in both diet groups (systolic pressure of 190 mm Hg). In hypertensive rats fed low-fat chow, left ventricular mass, myocyte cross-sectional area, and end-diastolic volume were increased, and ejection fraction was decreased; however, these effects were not observed with the high-fat diet. Hypertensive animals on low-fat chow had increased atrial natriuretic factor mRNA, myosin heavy chain isoform switching ( to ), and decreased activity of citrate synthase and medium chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, which were all attenuated by high-fat feeding. In conclusion, increased dietary lipid intake can reduce cardiac growth, left ventricular remodeling, contractile dysfunction, and alterations in gene expression in response to hypertension.

Key words: cardiac • heart • fatty acid • lipid • mitochondria

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