Abstract--Microinjection of the inhibitory neurotransmitter -aminobutyric acid B-subtype receptor agonist baclofen into the nucleus tractus solitarius increases arterial blood pressure and sympathetic nerve discharge. The baclofen-induced pressor response is enhanced in chronic hypertension. We hypothesized that a postsynaptic mechanism contributes to the enhanced responses to baclofen in hypertension. We investigated the postsynaptic effect of baclofen on second-order baroreceptor neurons, identified by 1,1'-dilinoleyl-3,3,3',3'-tetra-methylindocarbocyanine, 4-chlorobenzenesulphonate labeling of the aortic nerve, in nucleus tractus solitarius slices from sham-operated normotensive and unilateral nephrectomized, renal-wrap hypertensive rats. After 4 weeks, arterial blood pressure was 153±7 mm Hg in hypertensive rats (n=9) and 93±3 mm Hg in normotensive rats (n=8; P<0.05). There was no difference in resting membrane potential (54.5±0.7 versus 53.3±0.6 mV) or input resistance (1.07±0.11 versus 1.03±0.11 G) between hypertensive and normotensive neurons (both n=18). Baclofen induced a net outward current in nucleus tractus solitarius neurons in the presence of 1 µmol/L tetrodotoxin. The EC₅₀ of the baclofen effect was greater in normotensive cells (9.1±3.2 µmol/L; n=5) than hypertensive cells (3.0±0.5 µmol/L; n=7; P<0.05), and baclofen (10 µmol/L) induced a greater decrease in input resistance in hypertensive cells (61±2%; n=6) than in normotensive cells (45±4%; n=9; P<0.05). Both potassium and calcium channels were involved in the baclofen-evoked whole-cell current. The results suggest an enhanced postsynaptic response to activation of inhibitory neurotransmitter -aminobutyric acid B-subtype receptors in second-order baroreceptor neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius in renal-wrap hypertensive rats. This enhanced inhibition could alter baroreflex function in chronic hypertension.