Hypertension, Vol 22, 97-101, Copyright © 1993 by American Heart Association
B Lemmer, A Mattes, M Bohm and D Ganten
Automatic, around-the-clock blood pressure measurements have increased our
understanding of hypertension in humans. Patients with essential
hypertension display patterns similar to those observed in normotensive
subjects, whereas those with secondary hypertension frequently show
abnormal circadian rhythms characterized by a failure to reduce blood
pressure at night. We have modeled this situation in rats. Normotensive
Wistar-Kyoto and Sprague-Dawley rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats, and
rats made hypertensive by transgenic implantation of the mouse salivary
gland renin gene (TGR[mRen-2]27) underwent chronic implantation of a device
that telemetrically monitored their blood pressures, heart rates, and motor
activities. In either normotensive or hypertensive rats, motor activity
peaked during the dark phase, indicating that animals from all strains were
nocturnal. In both normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats, the
24-hour blood pressure and heart rate profiles showed peak values during
the rats' active phase at night, ie, between midnight and 3 AM. In the
transgenic rats, on the other hand, blood pressure values were at maximum
during the day around noon, when the rats were in their resting phase. The
heart rate of the transgenic rats nevertheless still peaked around
midnight. These data suggest that normotensive rats and those with primary
and secondary hypertension display circadian rhythms of blood pressure and
heart rate analogous to those observed in normotensive and primary or
secondary hypertensive humans, respectively. The TGR(mRen- 2)27 strain may
be a useful model with which to investigate the mechanisms responsible for
alterations in circadian rhythms of blood pressure and heart rate in forms
of secondary hypertension.
ARTICLES
Circadian blood pressure variation in transgenic hypertensive rats
Center of Pharmacology, JW Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.
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