Hypertension, Vol 22, 599-607, Copyright © 1993 by American Heart Association
CD Sigmund
Over the past decade, the development of gene-transfer technology in whole
animals has afforded unprecedented opportunities for investigators to probe
complex regulatory systems in vivo. Important advances in our understanding
of the mechanisms of gene expression and regulation and the development of
animal models of human diseases are but two examples of how this technology
has affected medical science. Transgenic animals are defined as animals in
which a segment of DNA has been physically integrated into the genome of
all cells, including the germ line, so that it can be transmitted to
offspring as a simple Mendelian trait. The DNA segment generally consists
of a whole cloned gene, cDNA, or a novel gene modified by recombinant DNA
methodologies. Whole genomic clones of genes are often used to study
tissue- and cell- specific expression and regulation or can be used to
overexpress a gene product. Alternatively, the coding region of one gene
can be fused to the transcriptional regulatory region of another gene,
causing it to be expressed in a new spectrum of tissues and cell types. A
number of methods can be used to introduce the DNA segment, including
direct microinjection of one-cell fertilized embryos, retroviral-mediated
transfer, or gene transfer in embryonic stem cells. The technique most
often used to generate transgenic animals and perform "gene addition"
experiments is direct microinjection. Alternatively, gene deletions or
"knockouts" are performed by gene transfer in embryonic stem cells by
specifically targeting the site of integration in the genome.(ABSTRACT
TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ARTICLES
Major approaches for generating and analyzing transgenic mice. An overview
Department of Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52241.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  O. Tornavaca, G. Pascual, M.L. Barreiro, M.T. Grande, A. Carretero, M. Riera, E. Garcia-Arumi, B. Bardaji, M. Gonzalez-Nunez, M.A. Montero, et al. Kidney Androgen-Regulated Protein Transgenic Mice Show Hypertension and Renal Alterations Mediated by Oxidative Stress Circulation, April 14, 2009; 119(14): 1908 - 1917. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Michalkiewicz, T. Michalkiewicz, A. M. Geurts, R. J. Roman, G. R. Slocum, O. Singer, D. Weihrauch, A. S. Greene, M. Kaldunski, I. M. Verma, et al. Efficient transgenic rat production by a lentiviral vector Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2007; 293(1): H881 - H894. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. L. Lavoie, K. D. Lake-Bruse, and C. D. Sigmund Increased blood pressure in transgenic mice expressing both human renin and angiotensinogen in the renal proximal tubule Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, May 1, 2004; 286(5): F965 - F971. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Wemmie, M. W. Coryell, C. C. Askwith, E. Lamani, A. S. Leonard, C. D. Sigmund, and M. J. Welsh Overexpression of acid-sensing ion channel 1a in transgenic mice increases acquired fear-related behavior PNAS, March 9, 2004; 101(10): 3621 - 3626. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. Bianco, H. L. Keen, J. L. Lavoie, and C. D. Sigmund Untraditional methods for targeting the kidney in transgenic mice Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, December 1, 2003; 285(6): F1027 - F1033. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. Ryan and C. D. Sigmund HPRT Targeting: "Ets" A Powerful Tool For Investigating Endothelial-Cell Specific Gene Expression Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2003; 23(11): 1960 - 1962. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. L. Davisson Physiological genomic analysis of the brain renin-angiotensin system Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 2003; 285(3): R498 - R511. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Cvetkovic, H. L. Keen, X. Zhang, D. Davis, B. Yang, and C. D. Sigmund Physiological significance of two common haplotypes of human angiotensinogen using gene targeting in the mouse Physiol Genomics, December 3, 2002; 11(3): 253 - 262. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Morimoto, M. D. Cassell, and C. D. Sigmund Neuron-specific expression of human angiotensinogen in brain causes increased salt appetite Physiol Genomics, May 10, 2002; 9(2): 113 - 120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. L. Abboud, K. Woodruff, C. Liu, V. Shen, and N. Ghosh-Choudhury Rescue of the Osteopetrotic Defect in op/op Mice by Osteoblast-Specific Targeting of Soluble Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Endocrinology, May 1, 2002; 143(5): 1942 - 1949. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Lazartigues, S. M. Dunlay, A. K. Loihl, P. Sinnayah, J. A. Lang, J. J. Espelund, C. D. Sigmund, and R. L. Davisson Brain-Selective Overexpression of Angiotensin (AT1) Receptors Causes Enhanced Cardiovascular Sensitivity in Transgenic Mice Circ. Res., March 22, 2002; 90(5): 617 - 624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. D. Sigmund Viewpoint: Are Studies in Genetically Altered Mice Out of Control? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 2000; 20(6): 1425 - 1429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Wang, C. D. Sigmund, and J. J.-C. Lin Identification of cis Elements in the Cardiac Troponin T Gene Conferring Specific Expression in Cardiac Muscle of Transgenic Mice Circ. Res., March 3, 2000; 86(4): 478 - 484. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Yang and C. D. Sigmund Regulatory Elements Required for Human Angiotensinogen Expression in HepG2 Cells Are Dispensable in Transgenic Mice Hypertension, March 1, 1998; 31(3): 734 - 740. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Ding, R. L. Davisson, D. O. Hardy, L.-J. Zhu, D. C. Merrill, J. F. Catterall, and C. D. Sigmund The Kidney Androgen-regulated Protein Promoter Confers Renal Proximal Tubule Cell-specific and Highly Androgen-responsive Expression on the Human Angiotensinogen Gene in Transgenic Mice J. Biol. Chem., October 31, 1997; 272(44): 28142 - 28148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. N. Muller, K. F. Hilgers, J. Bohlender, A. Lippoldt, J. Wagner, W. Fischli, D. Ganten, J. F. E. Mann, and F. C. Luft Effects of Human Renin in the Vasculature of Rats Transgenic for Human Angiotensinogen Hypertension, August 1, 1995; 26(2): 272 - 278. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Morimoto, M. D. Cassell, T. G. Beltz, A. K. Johnson, R. L. Davisson, and C. D. Sigmund Elevated Blood Pressure in Transgenic Mice With Brain-Specific Expression of Human Angiotensinogen Driven by the Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Promoter Circ. Res., August 17, 2001; 89(4): 365 - 372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Lazartigues, S. M. Dunlay, A. K. Loihl, P. Sinnayah, J. A. Lang, J. J. Espelund, C. D. Sigmund, and R. L. Davisson Brain-Selective Overexpression of Angiotensin (AT1) Receptors Causes Enhanced Cardiovascular Sensitivity in Transgenic Mice Circ. Res., March 22, 2002; 90(5): 617 - 624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|