(Hypertension. 1997;30:773-776.)
© 1997 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Essential Hypertension in African Caribbeans Associates With a Variant of the ß2-Adrenoceptor
From the Department of Internal Medicine Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder and Teaching Hospital of the Karl Franzens University Graz, Austria (P.K., A.B., F.S.); the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology (S.K., M.C.) and Chemical Endocrinology (J.T., A.J.L.C.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, UK; and the Ministry of Health of St Vincent and the Grenadines, Kingstown, West Indies (P.D.).
Abstract Populations of West African ancestry dwelling in
Western communities exhibit greater prevalence of human essential
hypertension and higher rates of end-organ damage. The sympathetic
nervous system influences cardiac output, vascular tone, renal sodium
reabsorption, and renin release and could be implicated in enhanced
vascular responsiveness observed in African hypertensives. Such an
effect could arise from genetic variants that alter agonist response of
-adrenoceptors, leading to enhanced vasoconstriction, or attenuate
ß2-adrenoceptor–mediated vasodilatation. Indeed, there
is evidence of a blunted vasodilator response to the ß-agonist
isoprenaline in African Americans. A variant of the
ß2-adrenoceptor gene that encodes glycine rather than
arginine at position 16 (Arg16
Gly) has been shown to confer
exaggerated agonist-mediated receptor downregulation, which might
attenuate vasodilator response. One hundred thirty-six unrelated
hypertensives and 81 unrelated normotensives of African Caribbean
origin were identified from primary care on the island of St Vincent.
Genomic DNA from these subjects was analyzed for the presence
of the Gly16 and Arg16 alleles by using an allele-specific
polymerase chain reaction method. We report strong support for
association of the prodownregulatory glycine 16 variant of the
ß2-adrenoceptor gene with hypertension in African
Caribbeans from St Vincent and the Grenadines
(
2=18.9, P=.000014, 1 df).
This observation, coupled with reports of attenuated vasodilator
responses to ß-agonists among people of West African ancestry, may
provide a mechanism for enhanced vascular reactivity and identify a
candidate gene for hypertension in this ethnic group.
Key Words: ß2-adrenoceptor gene • hypertension • genetics • African ethnicity
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