(Hypertension. 1998;31:152.)
© 1998 American Heart Association, Inc.
Workshop on Vascular Biology & Hypertension: From Molecules to Humans |
Growth Factors and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
From Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Charlestown, Mass.
Correspondence to Joseph V. Bonventre, MD, PhD, Suite 4002, Massachusetts General Hospital East, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129. E mail jbonvent{at}warren.med.harvard.edu
Mammalian cells respond to external stimuli by activation of a variety of signal transduction pathways, which culminate in stereotypical responses, such as proliferation, growth arrest, hypertrophy, differentiation, or apoptosis. In vertebrates the actions of many stimuli resulting in proliferative or hypertrophic growth converge on a set of cellular kinase cascades, which are collectively called the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascades. These MAP kinases have been implicated in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and hypertrophy, responses that are central to the pathophysiology of hypertension. In this review, we will examine how proliferative and hypertrophic stimuli activate these MAP kinase cascades, what are the consequences of that activation on gene expression, and how do these signals drive the cell into one of the stereotypical responses noted above.
Key Words: MAP kinases • stress-activated protein kinases • G-protein-coupled receptors • endothelin • angiotensin II • growth factors
Abbreviations: Ang II = angiotensin II • CREB = cAMP response element binding protein • EGF = epidermal growth factor • ERK = extracellular signal-regulated kinase • ET = endothelin • Grb2 = growth factor receptor bound protein 2 • JNK = c-Jun N-terminal kinase • MAP = mitogen-activated protein • MAPKAP = mitogen-activated protein kinase activated protein kinase • MKP = mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase • PDGF = platelet-derived growth factor • PI = phosphatidylinositol • PKC = protein kinase C • SAPK = stress-activated protein kinase • SH = Src homology • SOS = son of sevenless • TNF = tumor necrosis factor
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  R. A. Thandavarayan, K. Watanabe, M. Ma, N. Gurusamy, P. T. Veeraveedu, T. Konishi, S. Zhang, A. J. Muslin, M. Kodama, and Y. Aizawa Dominant-negative p38{alpha} mitogen-activated protein kinase prevents cardiac apoptosis and remodeling after streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2009; 297(3): H911 - H919. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Mu, X. Wang, H. Wang, P. Lin, Q. Yao, and C. Chen Lactosylceramide promotes cell migration and proliferation through activation of ERK1/2 in human aortic smooth muscle cells Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2009; 297(1): H400 - H408. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. D. Raffetto, C. H. Gram, K. C. Overman, and J. O. Menzoian Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase p38 Pathway in Venous Ulcer Fibroblasts Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, August 1, 2008; 42(4): 367 - 374. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Gul, S.-Y. Kim, K.-H. Park, B.-J. Kim, S.-J. Kim, M.-J. Im, and U.-H. Kim A novel signaling pathway of ADP-ribosyl cyclase activation by angiotensin II in adult rat cardiomyocytes Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2008; 295(1): H77 - H88. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. F. Kramer and L. J. Goodyear Exercise, MAPK, and NF-{kappa}B signaling in skeletal muscle J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2007; 103(1): 388 - 395. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Y. Sung, H. Guan, A. Czibula, A. R. King, K. Eder, E. Heath, S. K. Suvarna, S. K. Dower, A. G. Wilson, S. E. Francis, et al. Human Tribbles-1 Controls Proliferation and Chemotaxis of Smooth Muscle Cells via MAPK Signaling Pathways J. Biol. Chem., June 22, 2007; 282(25): 18379 - 18387. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. A. Steer, J. M. Moran, B. S. Christmann, L. B. Maggi Jr, and J. A. Corbett Role of MAPK in the Regulation of Double-Stranded RNA- and Encephalomyocarditis Virus-Induced Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression by Macrophages. J. Immunol., September 1, 2006; 177(5): 3413 - 3420. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. Pulver-Kaste, C. A. Barlow, J. Bond, A. Watson, P. L. Penar, B. Tranmer, and K. M. Lounsbury Ca2+ source-dependent transcription of CRE-containing genes in vascular smooth muscle Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2006; 291(1): H97 - H105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. D. Boppart, D. J. Burkin, and S. J. Kaufman {alpha}7beta1-Integrin regulates mechanotransduction and prevents skeletal muscle injury Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, June 1, 2006; 290(6): C1660 - C1665. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Raffetto, R. Vasquez, D. G. Goodwin, and J. O. Menzoian Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Regulates Cell Proliferation in Venous Ulcer Fibroblasts Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, January 1, 2006; 40(1): 59 - 66. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Nakata, M. Tsutsui, H. Shimokawa, M. Tamura, H. Tasaki, T. Morishita, O. Suda, S. Ueno, Y. Toyohira, Y. Nakashima, et al. Vascular Neuronal NO Synthase Is Selectively Upregulated by Platelet-Derived Growth Factor: Involvement of the MEK/ERK Pathway Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 2005; 25(12): 2502 - 2508. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. G. Egan, C. L. Wainwright, R. M. Wadsworth, and G. F. Nixon PDGF-induced signaling in proliferating and differentiated vascular smooth muscle: Effects of altered intracellular Ca2+ regulation Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 2005; 67(2): 308 - 316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Sahar, R. S. Dwarakanath, M. A. Reddy, L. Lanting, I. Todorov, and R. Natarajan Angiotensin II Enhances Interleukin-18 Mediated Inflammatory Gene Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: A Novel Cross-Talk in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis Circ. Res., May 27, 2005; 96(10): 1064 - 1071. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-M. Li, M. Iwai, T.-X. Cui, L.-J. Min, M. Tsuda, J. Iwanami, J. Suzuki, M. Mogi, and M. Horiuchi Effect of Azelnidipine on Angiotensin II-Mediated Growth-Promoting Signaling in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Mol. Pharmacol., May 1, 2005; 67(5): 1666 - 1673. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G.-X. Zhang, S. Kimura, A. Nishiyama, T. Shokoji, M. Rahman, L. Yao, Y. Nagai, Y. Fujisawa, A. Miyatake, and Y. Abe Cardiac oxidative stress in acute and chronic isoproterenol-infused rats Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2005; 65(1): 230 - 238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Fujinaga, K. Onoda, K. Yamamoto, K. Imanaka-Yoshida, M. Takao, T. Shimono, H. Shimpo, T. Yoshida, and I. Yada Locally applied cilostazol suppresses neointimal hyperplasia by inhibiting tenascin-c synthesis and smooth muscle cell proliferation in free artery grafts J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., September 1, 2004; 128(3): 357 - 363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H Carp Cytokines in recurrent miscarriage Lupus, September 1, 2004; 13(9): 630 - 634. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. L. Schiffrin and R. M. Touyz From bedside to bench to bedside: role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in remodeling of resistance arteries in hypertension Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2004; 287(2): H435 - H446. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. L. Armesilla, J. C. Williams, M. H. Buch, A. Pickard, M. Emerson, E. J. Cartwright, D. Oceandy, M. D. Vos, S. Gillies, G. J. Clark, et al. Novel Functional Interaction between the Plasma Membrane Ca2+ Pump 4b and the Proapoptotic Tumor Suppressor Ras-associated Factor 1 (RASSF1) J. Biol. Chem., July 23, 2004; 279(30): 31318 - 31328. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Leng, T. L. Steiler, and J. R. Zierath Effects of Insulin, Contraction, and Phorbol Esters on Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling in Skeletal Muscle From Lean and ob/ob Mice Diabetes, June 1, 2004; 53(6): 1436 - 1444. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. H.P. Hilgers, P. M.H. Schiffers, W. M. Aartsen, G. E. Fazzi, J. F.M. Smits, and J. G.R. De Mey Tissue Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Imposed and Physiological Flow-Related Arterial Remodeling in Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2004; 24(5): 892 - 897. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Ogita, K. Node, Y. Liao, F. Ishikura, S. Beppu, H. Asanuma, S. Sanada, S. Takashima, T. Minamino, M. Hori, et al. Raloxifene Prevents Cardiac Hypertrophy and Dysfunction in Pressure-Overloaded Mice Hypertension, February 1, 2004; 43(2): 237 - 242. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Jinno, M. Iwai, Z. Li, J.-M. Li, H.-W. Liu, T.-X. Cui, H. Rakugi, T. Ogihara, and M. Horiuchi Calcium Channel Blocker Azelnidipine Enhances Vascular Protective Effects of AT1 Receptor Blocker Olmesartan Hypertension, February 1, 2004; 43(2): 263 - 269. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-M. Li, T.-X. Cui, T. Shiuchi, H.-W. Liu, L.-J. Min, M. Okumura, T. Jinno, L. Wu, M. Iwai, and M. Horiuchi Nicotine Enhances Angiotensin II-Induced Mitogenic Response in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Fibroblasts Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2004; 24(1): 80 - 84. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G.-X. Zhang, S. Kimura, A. Nishiyama, T. Shokoji, M. Rahman, and Y. Abe ROS During the Acute Phase of Ang II Hypertension Participates in Cardiovascular MAPK Activation But Not Vasoconstriction Hypertension, January 1, 2004; 43(1): 117 - 124. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S.-W. Kang, R. Natarajan, A. Shahed, C. C. Nast, J. LaPage, P. Mundel, C. Kashtan, and S. G. Adler Role of 12-Lipoxygenase in the Stimulation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Collagen {alpha}5(IV) in Experimental Diabetic Nephropathy and in Glucose-Stimulated Podocytes J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., December 1, 2003; 14(12): 3178 - 3187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. S. Vaidya, K. Shankar, E. A. Lock, D. Dixon, and H. M. Mehendale Molecular Mechanisms of Renal Tissue Repair in Survival from Acute Renal Tubule Necrosis: Role of ERK1/2 Pathway Toxicol Pathol, October 1, 2003; 31(6): 604 - 618. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Ino, C. Uehara, F. Kikkawa, H. Kajiyama, K. Shibata, T. Suzuki, E. E. Khin, M. Ito, M. Takeuchi, A. Itakura, et al. Enhancement of Aminopeptidase A Expression during Angiotensin II-Induced Choriocarcinoma Cell Proliferation through AT1 Receptor Involving Protein Kinase C- and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Signaling Pathway J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2003; 88(8): 3973 - 3982. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Horiuchi, T.-X. Cui, Z. Li, J.-M. Li, H. Nakagami, and M. Iwai Fluvastatin Enhances the Inhibitory Effects of a Selective Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blocker, Valsartan, on Vascular Neointimal Formation Circulation, January 7, 2003; 107(1): 106 - 112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Beutler, C. Hoflich, P. A. Stevens, D. H. Kruger, and S. Prosch Downregulation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor by Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in Human Fetal Lung Fibroblasts Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., January 1, 2003; 28(1): 86 - 94. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-W. Liu, M. Iwai, Y. Takeda-Matsubara, L. Wu, J.-M. Li, M. Okumura, T.-X. Cui, and M. Horiuchi Effect of Estrogen and AT1 Receptor Blocker on Neointima Formation Hypertension, October 1, 2002; 40(4): 451 - 457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Sakamoto and L. J. Goodyear Exercise Effects on Muscle Insulin Signaling and Action: Invited Review: Intracellular signaling in contracting skeletal muscle J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2002; 93(1): 369 - 383. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. A. Watts III and D. W. Good ERK mediates inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange and HCO3- absorption by nerve growth factor in MTAL Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, June 1, 2002; 282(6): F1056 - F1063. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Wu, I. Jaspers, W. Zhang, L. M. Graves, and J. M. Samet Role of Ras in metal-induced EGF receptor signaling and NF-kappa B activation in human airway epithelial cells Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, May 1, 2002; 282(5): L1040 - L1048. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. Michaelson, J. D. Ritzenthaler, and J. Roman Regulation of serum-induced fibronectin expression by protein kinases, cytoskeletal integrity, and CREB Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, February 1, 2002; 282(2): L291 - L301. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z.-B. Lei, Z. Zhang, Q. Jing, Y.-W. Qin, G. Pei, B.-Z. Cao, and X.-Y. Li OxLDL upregulates CXCR2 expression in monocytes via scavenger receptors and activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 2002; 53(2): 524 - 532. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Hattori, M. Suzuki, S. Hattori, and K. Kasai Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Activation by Glycated Albumin (Amadori Adducts) Hypertension, January 1, 2002; 39(1): 22 - 28. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Takeda-Matsubara, H. Nakagami, M. Iwai, T.-X. Cui, T. Shiuchi, M. Akishita, C. Nahmias, M. Ito, and M. Horiuchi Estrogen Activates Phosphatases and Antagonizes Growth-Promoting Effect of Angiotensin II Hypertension, January 1, 2002; 39(1): 41 - 45. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Berry, R. Touyz, A. F. Dominiczak, R. C. Webb, and D. G. Johns Angiotensin receptors: signaling, vascular pathophysiology, and interactions with ceramide Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2001; 281(6): H2337 - H2365. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Gouni-Berthold, C. Seul, Y. Ko, J. Hescheler, and A. Sachinidis Gangliosides GM1 and GM2 Induce Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation via Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 Pathway Hypertension, November 1, 2001; 38(5): 1030 - 1037. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. P. HALLSWORTH, L. M. MOIR, D. LAI, and S. J. HIRST Inhibitors of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases Differentially Regulate Eosinophil-activating Cytokine Release from Human Airway Smooth Muscle Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 15, 2001; 164(4): 688 - 697. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Wu, J. M. Samet, A. J. Ghio, and R. B. Devlin Activation of the EGF receptor signaling pathway in airway epithelial cells exposed to Utah Valley PM Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, August 1, 2001; 281(2): L483 - L489. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Touyz, G. He, X.-H. Wu, J. B. Park, M. E. Mabrouk, and E. L. Schiffrin Src Is an Important Mediator of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2-Dependent Growth Signaling by Angiotensin II in Smooth Muscle Cells From Resistance Arteries of Hypertensive Patients Hypertension, July 1, 2001; 38(1): 56 - 64. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Musallam, C. Ethier, P. S. Haddad, and M. Bilodeau Role of EGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity in antiapoptotic effect of EGF on mouse hepatocytes Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, June 1, 2001; 280(6): G1360 - G1369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Hreniuk, M. Garay, W. Gaarde, B. P. Monia, R. A. McKay, and C. L. Cioffi Inhibition of C-Jun N-Terminal Kinase 1, but Not c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase 2, Suppresses Apoptosis Induced by Ischemia/Reoxygenation in Rat Cardiac Myocytes Mol. Pharmacol., April 1, 2001; 59(4): 867 - 874. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Bloch-Shilderman, H. Jiang, S. Abu-Raya, M. Linial, and P. Lazarovici Involvement of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) in Pardaxin-Induced Dopamine Release from PC12 Cells J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., March 1, 2001; 296(3): 704 - 711. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. K. HANDA Characterization and Signaling of the AT4 Receptor in Human Proximal Tubule Epithelial (HK-2) Cells J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., March 1, 2001; 12(3): 440 - 449. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. M. Wesselman, A. D. Dobrian, S. D. Schriver, and R. L. Prewitt Src Tyrosine Kinases and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Mediate Pressure-Induced C-Fos Expression in Cannulated Rat Mesenteric Small Arteries Hypertension, March 1, 2001; 37(3): 955 - 960. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T.-X. Cui, H. Nakagami, M. Iwai, Y. Takeda, T. Shiuchi, L. Daviet, C. Nahmias, and M. Horiuchi Pivotal role of tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 in AT2 receptor-mediated apoptosis in rat fetal vascular smooth muscle cell Cardiovasc Res, March 1, 2001; 49(4): 863 - 871. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. M. Martin, B. M. Willardson, G. F. Burton, C. R. White, J. N. McLaughlin, S. M. Bray, J. W. Ogilvie Jr., and T. S. Elton Human Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Isoforms Encoded by Messenger RNA Splice Variants Are Functionally Distinct Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 2001; 15(2): 281 - 293. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Nakano, A. Shinde, S. Kawashima, S. Nakamura, I. Akiguchi, and J. Kimura Inclusion body myositis: Expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and its substrate Neurology, January 9, 2001; 56(1): 87 - 93. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. M. Krishna Rao MAP kinase activation in macrophages J. Leukoc. Biol., January 1, 2001; 69(1): 3 - 10. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. HASHIMOTO, Y. GON, I. TAKESHITA, K. MATSUMOTO, S. MARUOKA, and T. HORIE Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}1 Induces Phenotypic Modulation of Human Lung Fibroblasts to Myofibroblast Through a c-Jun-NH2-Terminal Kinase-Dependent Pathway Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., January 1, 2001; 163(1): 152 - 157. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Y. Zubkov, K. S. Rollins, B. McGehee, A. D. Parent, and J. H. Zhang Relaxant Effect of U0126 in Hemolysate-, Oxyhemoglobin-, and Bloody Cerebrospinal Fluid-Induced Contraction in Rabbit Basilar Artery Stroke, January 1, 2001; 32(1): 154 - 161. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Chiming Wei, M. G Cardarelli, S. W Downing, and J. S McLaughlin The effect of angiotensin II on mitogen-activated protein kinase in human cardiomyocytes Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, December 1, 2000; 1(4): 379 - 384. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. M. Touyz and E. L. Schiffrin Signal Transduction Mechanisms Mediating the Physiological and Pathophysiological Actions of Angiotensin II in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Pharmacol. Rev., December 1, 2000; 52(4): 639 - 672. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Laporte, P. E. Moore, T. Lahiri, I. N. Schwartzman, R. A. Panettieri Jr., and S. A. Shore p38 MAP kinase regulates IL-1beta responses in cultured airway smooth muscle cells Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, November 1, 2000; 279(5): L932 - L941. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Thibonnier, D. M. Conarty, and C. L. Plesnicher Mediators of the mitogenic action of human V1 vascular vasopressin receptors Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2000; 279(5): H2529 - H2539. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Jung, J. Haendeler, C. Goebel, A. M. Zeiher, and S. Dimmeler Growth factor-induced phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase/Akt phosphorylation in smooth muscle cells: induction of cell proliferation and inhibition of cell death Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 2000; 48(1): 148 - 157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. HANNKEN, R. SCHROEDER, G. ZAHNER, R. A. K. STAHL, and G. WOLF Reactive Oxygen Species Stimulate p44/42 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Induce p27Kip1: Role in Angiotensin II-Mediated Hypertrophy of Proximal Tubular Cells J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., August 1, 2000; 11(8): 1387 - 1397. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. J. Miller Jr AIF-1 in the Activated Smooth Muscle Cell : Spectator or Participant? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 2000; 20(7): 1701 - 1703. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Sandirasegarane, R. Charles, N. Bourbon, and M. Kester NO regulates PDGF-induced activation of PKB but not ERK in A7r5 cells: implications for vascular growth arrest Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, July 1, 2000; 279(1): C225 - C235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Sasu and D. Beasley Essential roles of Ikappa B kinases alpha and beta in serum- and IL-1-induced human VSMC proliferation Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2000; 278(6): H1823 - H1831. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Kujime, S. Hashimoto, Y. Gon, K. Shimizu, and T. Horie p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and c-Jun-NH2-Terminal Kinase Regulate RANTES Production by Influenza Virus-Infected Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells J. Immunol., March 15, 2000; 164(6): 3222 - 3228. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. MARUOKA, S. HASHIMOTO, Y. GON, I. TAKESHITA, and T. HORIE PAF-induced RANTES Production by Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells Requires Both p38 MAP Kinase and Erk Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., March 1, 2000; 161(3): 922 - 929. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Bogoyevitch Signalling via stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases in the cardiovascular system Cardiovasc Res, March 1, 2000; 45(4): 826 - 842. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Y. Zubkov, K. S. Rollins, A. D. Parent, J. Zhang, and R. M. Bryan Jr Mechanism of Endothelin-1-Induced Contraction in Rabbit Basilar Artery • Editorial Comment Stroke, February 1, 2000; 31(2): 526 - 533. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Singh, C. Communal, D. B. Sawyer, and W. S. Colucci Adrenergic regulation of myocardial apoptosis Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 2000; 45(3): 713 - 719. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Hu, H. Dietrich, B. Metzler, G. Wick, and Q. Xu Hyperexpression and Activation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases (ERK1/2) in Atherosclerotic Lesions of Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2000; 20(1): 18 - 26. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. HAMAGUCHI, S. KIM, Y. IZUMI, and H. IWAO Chronic Activation of Glomerular Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., January 1, 2000; 11(1): 39 - 46. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Wu, L. M. Graves, I. Jaspers, R. B. Devlin, W. Reed, and J. M. Samet Activation of the EGF receptor signaling pathway in human airway epithelial cells exposed to metals Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, November 1, 1999; 277(5): L924 - L931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Hayashi, M. F. Hirshman, S. D. Dufresne, and L. J. Goodyear Skeletal muscle contractile activity in vitro stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, October 1, 1999; 277(4): C701 - C707. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Hu, Y. Zou, H. Dietrich, G. Wick, and Q. Xu Inhibition of Neointima Hyperplasia of Mouse Vein Grafts by Locally Applied Suramin Circulation, August 24, 1999; 100(8): 861 - 868. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Wang, X. Yu, and P. Brecher Nitric Oxide Inhibits Angiotensin II-induced Activation of the Calcium-sensitive Tyrosine Kinase Proline-rich Tyrosine Kinase 2 without Affecting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Transactivation J. Biol. Chem., August 20, 1999; 274(34): 24342 - 24348. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-C. Cho, A. Rapacciuolo, W. J. Koch, Y. Kobayashi, L. R. Jones, and H. A. Rockman Defective beta -Adrenergic Receptor Signaling Precedes the Development of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Transgenic Mice with Calsequestrin Overexpression J. Biol. Chem., August 6, 1999; 274(32): 22251 - 22256. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Metzler, C. Li, Y. Hu, G. Sturm, N. Ghaffari-Tabrizi, and Q. Xu LDL Stimulates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-1 Expression, Independent of LDL Receptors, in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 1999; 19(8): 1862 - 1871. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-L. Lee, W.-W. Wang, G. A. Finlay, and B. L. Fanburg Serotonin stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase activity through the formation of superoxide anion Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, August 1, 1999; 277(2): L282 - L291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Kato, A. Osajima, Y. Uezono, M. Okazaki, Y. Tsuda, H. Tanaka, Y. Oishi, F. Izumi, and Y. Nakashima Involvement of PDGF in pressure-induced mesangial cell proliferation through PKC and tyrosine kinase pathways Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, July 1, 1999; 277(1): F105 - F112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Hamaguchi, S. Kim, Y. Izumi, Y. Zhan, S. Yamanaka, and H. Iwao Contribution of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase to Angiotensin II–Induced Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}1 Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Hypertension, July 1, 1999; 34(1): 126 - 131. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Li, S. M. Vaingankar, H. M. Green, and M. Martins-Green Activation of the 9E3/cCAF Chemokine by Phorbol Esters Occurs via Multiple Signal Transduction Pathways That Converge to MEK1/ERK2 and Activate the Elk1 Transcription Factor J. Biol. Chem., May 28, 1999; 274(22): 15454 - 15465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Hayashi, M. Takahashi, K. Kimura, W. Nishida, H. Saga, and K. Sobue Changes in the Balance of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B (Akt) and the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases (ERK/p38MAPK) Determine a Phenotype of Visceral and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells J. Cell Biol., May 17, 1999; 145(4): 727 - 740. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. NAKASHIMA, D.-H. SUN, M. C. D. TRINDADE, W. J. MALONEY, S. B. GOODMAN, D. J. SCHURMAN, and R. L. SMITH Signaling Pathways for Tumor Necrosis Factor-{{alpha}} and Interleukin-6 Expression in Human Macrophages Exposed to Titanium-Alloy Particulate Debris in Vitro J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., May 1, 1999; 81(5): 603 - 15. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Jing, S.-M. Xin, Z.-J. Cheng, W.-B. Zhang, R. Zhang, Y.-W. Qin, and G. Pei Activation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase by Oxidized LDL in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells : Mediation via Pertussis Toxin–Sensitive G Proteins and Association With Oxidized LDL-Induced Cytotoxicity Circ. Res., April 16, 1999; 84(7): 831 - 839. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. Davis and M. A. Hill Signaling Mechanisms Underlying the Vascular Myogenic Response Physiol Rev, April 1, 1999; 79(2): 387 - 423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Metzler, Y. Hu, G. Sturm, G. Wick, and Q. Xu Induction of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-1 by Arachidonic Acid in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells J. Biol. Chem., December 11, 1998; 273(50): 33320 - 33326. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Wang, X. Yu, and P. Brecher Nitric Oxide and N-Acetylcysteine Inhibit the Activation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases by Angiotensin II in Rat Cardiac Fibroblasts J. Biol. Chem., December 4, 1998; 273(49): 33027 - 33034. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. A. Finlay, V. J. Thannickal, B. L. Fanburg, and K. E. Paulson Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1-induced Activation of the ERK Pathway/Activator Protein-1 in Human Lung Fibroblasts Requires the Autocrine Induction of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor J. Biol. Chem., September 1, 2000; 275(36): 27650 - 27656. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Satoh, K. Ichihara, E. J. Landon, T. Inagami, and H. Tang 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Block Calcium-dependent Tyrosine Kinase Pyk2 Activation by Angiotensin II in Vascular Endothelial Cells. INVOLVEMENT OF GERANYLGERANYLATION OF SMALL G PROTEIN Rap1 J. Biol. Chem., May 4, 2001; 276(19): 15761 - 15767. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. L. Gyles, C. J. Burns, B. J. Whitehouse, D. Sugden, P. J. Marsh, S. J. Persaud, and P. M. Jones ERKs Regulate Cyclic AMP-induced Steroid Synthesis through Transcription of the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory (StAR) Gene J. Biol. Chem., September 7, 2001; 276(37): 34888 - 34895. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Zhao, J. Letterman, and B. M. Schreiber beta -Migrating Very Low Density Lipoprotein (beta VLDL) Activates Smooth Muscle Cell Mitogen-activated Protein (MAP) Kinase via G Protein-coupled Receptor-mediated Transactivation of the Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Receptor. EFFECT OF MAP KINASE ACTIVATION ON beta VLDL PLUS EGF-INDUCED CELL PROLIFERATION J. Biol. Chem., August 10, 2001; 276(33): 30579 - 30588. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Communal, W. S. Colucci, and K. Singh p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway Protects Adult Rat Ventricular Myocytes against beta -Adrenergic Receptor-stimulated Apoptosis. EVIDENCE FOR Gi-DEPENDENT ACTIVATION J. Biol. Chem., June 16, 2000; 275(25): 19395 - 19400. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Xiao, D. R. Pimentel, J. Wang, K. Singh, W. S. Colucci, and D. B. Sawyer Role of reactive oxygen species and NAD(P)H oxidase in alpha 1-adrenoceptor signaling in adult rat cardiac myocytes Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, April 1, 2002; 282(4): C926 - C934. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. R. Pimentel, J. K. Amin, L. Xiao, T. Miller, J. Viereck, J. Oliver-Krasinski, R. Baliga, J. Wang, D. A. Siwik, K. Singh, et al. Reactive Oxygen Species Mediate Amplitude-Dependent Hypertrophic and Apoptotic Responses to Mechanical Stretch in Cardiac Myocytes Circ. Res., August 31, 2001; 89(5): 453 - 460. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|