(Hypertension. 1998;31:409.)
© 1998 American Heart Association, Inc.
Scientific Contributions |
Chronic Leptin Infusion Increases Arterial Pressure
From Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Miss.
Correspondence of John E. Hall, PhD, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505
Plasma leptin concentration is increased in hypertensive obese humans, but whether leptin contributes to the increased arterial pressure in obesity is not known. In this study, we tested whether chronic increases in leptin, to levels comparable to those in obesity, could cause a sustained increase in arterial pressure and also the importance of central nervous system (CNS) versus systemic mechanisms. Five male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with chronic nonoccluding catheters in the abdominal aorta and both carotid arteries for CNS infusion, and five other rats were implanted with an abdominal aorta catheter and femoral vein catheter for intravenous (IV) infusion. After 7 days of control, leptin was infused into the carotid arteries or femoral vein at 0.1 µg/kg/min for 5 days and 1.0 µg/kg/min for 7 days, followed by a 7-day recovery period. The carotid artery and IV infusions of leptin at 1µg/kg/min significantly increased plasma leptin levels, from 1.2 ± 0.4 ng/mL to 91 ± 5 ng/mL and from 0.9 ± 0.1 ng/mL to 94 ± 9 ng/mL, respectively, but there was no significant increase in either group at the low dose. Food intake also did not change at the low dose but decreased by approximately 65% in the carotid group and 69% in the IV group after 7 days of the 1 µg/kg/min infusion. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased slightly at the low dose only in the carotid group, but this was not statistically significant. At the higher dose, however, MAP increased significantly from 86 ± 1 mm Hg to 94 ± 1 mm Hg in the carotid group and from 87 ± 1 mm Hg to 93 ± 1 mm Hg in the IV group. Heart rate also increased significantly in both groups at 1 µ/g/kg/min leptin infusion. Fasting blood glucose and insulin levels decreased significantly at 1 µg/kg/min in both the carotid artery group (-10.5% and -82.5%, respectively) and the IV group (-13.6% and -80.4%, respectively). All variables returned to control levels after leptin infusion was stopped. These results indicate that chronic increases in circulating leptin cause sustained increases in arterial pressure and heart rate and are consistent with a possible role for leptin in obesity hypertension.
Key Words: leptin • hypertension • sympathetic • blood pressure • heart rate • food intake
Abbreviations: CNS = central nervous system • GFR = glomerular filtration rate • HR = heart rate • MAP = mean arterial pressure • PRA = plasma renin activity • RPF = renal plasma flow • RVR = renal vascular resistance • SNS = sympathetic nervous system
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  Y. Nakamura, H. Ueshima, N. Okuda, Y. Murakami, K. Miura, Y. Kita, T. Okamura, T. C. Turin, B. Rodriguez, J. D. Curb, et al. Relation of Serum Leptin to Blood Pressure of Japanese in Japan and Japanese-Americans in Hawaii Hypertension, December 1, 2009; 54(6): 1416 - 1422. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Iozzo Viewpoints on the Way to the Consensus Session: Where does insulin resistance start? The adipose tissue Diabetes Care, November 1, 2009; 32(suppl_2): S168 - S173. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. J. Belin de Chantemele, K. Muta, J. Mintz, M. L. Tremblay, M. B. Marrero, D. J. Fulton, and D. W. Stepp Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B, a Major Regulator of Leptin-Mediated Control of Cardiovascular Function Circulation, September 1, 2009; 120(9): 753 - 763. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. A. da Silva, J. M. do Carmo, J. N. Freeman, L. S. Tallam, and J. E. Hall A Functional Melanocortin System May Be Required for Chronic CNS-Mediated Antidiabetic and Cardiovascular Actions of Leptin Diabetes, August 1, 2009; 58(8): 1749 - 1756. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Ma, M. F. Feitosa, J. B. Wilk, J. M. Laramie, K. Yu, C. Leiendecker-Foster, R. H. Myers, M. A. Province, and I. B. Borecki Leptin Is Associated With Blood Pressure and Hypertension in Women From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study Hypertension, March 1, 2009; 53(3): 473 - 479. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Silvani, S. Bastianini, C. Berteotti, C. Franzini, P. Lenzi, V. Lo Martire, and G. Zoccoli Sleep Modulates Hypertension in Leptin-Deficient Obese Mice Hypertension, February 1, 2009; 53(2): 251 - 255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. A. Morgan, D. R. Thedens, R. Weiss, and K. Rahmouni Mechanisms mediating renal sympathetic activation to leptin in obesity Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 2008; 295(6): R1730 - R1736. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Galletti, L. D'Elia, G. Barba, A. Siani, F. P. Cappuccio, E. Farinaro, R. Iacone, O. Russo, D. De Palma, R. Ippolito, et al. High-Circulating Leptin Levels Are Associated with Greater Risk of Hypertension in Men Independently of Body Mass and Insulin Resistance: Results of an Eight-Year Follow-Up Study J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2008; 93(10): 3922 - 3926. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. T. Alexander and N. B. Ojeda Slow Prenatal Growth and Accelerated Postnatal Growth: Critical Influences on Adult Blood Pressure Hypertension, October 1, 2008; 52(4): 613 - 614. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. K. Nath, R. M. Brown, M. Michaud, M. R. Sierra-Honigmann, M. Snyder, and J. A. Madri Leptin affects endocardial cushion formation by modulating EMT and migration via Akt signaling cascades J. Cell Biol., April 21, 2008; 181(2): 367 - 380. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. da Silva, J. M. do Carmo, B. Kanyicska, J. Dubinion, E. Brandon, and J. E. Hall Endogenous Melanocortin System Activity Contributes to the Elevated Arterial Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Hypertension, April 1, 2008; 51(4): 884 - 890. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C.-C. Juan, T.-Y. Chuang, C.-C. Lien, Y.-J. Lin, S.-W. Huang, C. F. Kwok, and L.-T. Ho Leptin increases endothelin type A receptor levels in vascular smooth muscle cells Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2008; 294(3): E481 - E487. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Yang and L. A. Barouch Leptin Signaling and Obesity: Cardiovascular Consequences Circ. Res., September 14, 2007; 101(6): 545 - 559. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. D. Lopaschuk, C. D.L. Folmes, and W. C. Stanley Cardiac Energy Metabolism in Obesity Circ. Res., August 17, 2007; 101(4): 335 - 347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Katagiri, T. Yamada, and Y. Oka Adiposity and Cardiovascular Disorders: Disturbance of the Regulatory System Consisting of Humoral and Neuronal Signals Circ. Res., July 6, 2007; 101(1): 27 - 39. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. D. Knudson, G. M. Dick, and J. D. Tune Adipokines and Coronary Vasomotor Dysfunction Experimental Biology and Medicine, June 1, 2007; 232(6): 727 - 736. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Abe, K. Ono, T. Kawamura, H. Wada, T. Kita, A. Shimatsu, and K. Hasegawa Leptin induces elongation of cardiac myocytes and causes eccentric left ventricular dilatation with compensation Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2007; 292(5): H2387 - H2396. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Rahmouni and D. A. Morgan Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus Mediates the Sympathetic and Arterial Pressure Responses to Leptin Hypertension, March 1, 2007; 49(3): 647 - 652. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Sharma, I. C. Okere, M. K. Duda, D. J. Chess, K. M. O'Shea, and W. C. Stanley Potential impact of carbohydrate and fat intake on pathological left ventricular hypertrophy Cardiovasc Res, January 15, 2007; 73(2): 257 - 268. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. da Silva, L. S. Tallam, J. Liu, and J. E. Hall Chronic antidiabetic and cardiovascular actions of leptin: role of CNS and increased adrenergic activity Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 2006; 291(5): R1275 - R1282. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. S. Tallam, A. A. da Silva, and J. E. Hall Melanocortin-4 Receptor Mediates Chronic Cardiovascular and Metabolic Actions of Leptin Hypertension, July 1, 2006; 48(1): 58 - 64. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Bjursell, A.-K. Gerdin, K. Ploj, D. Svensson, L. Svensson, J. Oscarsson, M. Snaith, J. Tornell, and M. Bohlooly-Y Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Receptor 1 Deficiency Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Leptin-Deficient Mice Without Affecting Body Weight Diabetes, March 1, 2006; 55(3): 725 - 733. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. da Silva, J. J. Kuo, L. S. Tallam, J. Liu, and J. E. Hall Does Obesity Induce Resistance to the Long-Term Cardiovascular and Metabolic Actions of Melanocortin 3/4 Receptor Activation? Hypertension, February 1, 2006; 47(2): 259 - 264. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J Morris, E. Velkoska, and T. J Cole Central and peripheral contributions to obesity-associated hypertension: impact of early overnourishment Exp Physiol, September 1, 2005; 90(5): 697 - 702. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S Montanaro, A. M Allen, and B. J Oldfield Structural and functional evidence supporting a role for leptin in central neural pathways influencing blood pressure in rats Exp Physiol, September 1, 2005; 90(5): 689 - 696. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Knudson, U. D. Dincer, G. M. Dick, H. Shibata, R. Akahane, M. Saito, and J. D. Tune Leptin resistance extends to the coronary vasculature in prediabetic dogs and provides a protective adaptation against endothelial dysfunction Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2005; 289(3): H1038 - H1046. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Knudson, U. D. Dincer, C. Zhang, A. N. Swafford Jr., R. Koshida, A. Picchi, M. Focardi, G. M. Dick, and J. D. Tune Leptin receptors are expressed in coronary arteries, and hyperleptinemia causes significant coronary endothelial dysfunction Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2005; 289(1): H48 - H56. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Velkoska, T. J. Cole, and M. J. Morris Early dietary intervention: long-term effects on blood pressure, brain neuropeptide Y, and adiposity markers Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2005; 288(6): E1236 - E1243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. S. Tallam, J. J. Kuo, A. A. da Silva, and J. E. Hall Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Responses to Chronic Central Administration of Agouti-Related Peptide Hypertension, December 1, 2004; 44(6): 853 - 858. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Wolk, P. Berger, R. J. Lennon, E. S. Brilakis, B. D. Johnson, and V. K. Somers Plasma leptin and prognosis in patients with established coronary atherosclerosis J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 2, 2004; 44(9): 1819 - 1824. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Sharma Is There a Rationale for Angiotensin Blockade in the Management of Obesity Hypertension? Hypertension, July 1, 2004; 44(1): 12 - 19. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. da Silva, J. J. Kuo, and J. E. Hall Role of Hypothalamic Melanocortin 3/4-Receptors in Mediating Chronic Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Actions of Leptin Hypertension, June 1, 2004; 43(6): 1312 - 1317. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S.M. Shamsuzzaman, M. Winnicki, R. Wolk, A. Svatikova, B. G. Phillips, D. E. Davison, P. B. Berger, and V. K. Somers Independent Association Between Plasma Leptin and C-Reactive Protein in Healthy Humans Circulation, May 11, 2004; 109(18): 2181 - 2185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z.-H. Zhang and R. B. Felder Melanocortin receptors mediate the excitatory effects of blood-borne murine leptin on hypothalamic paraventricular neurons in rat Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, February 1, 2004; 286(2): R303 - R310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Kuo, A. A. da Silva, L. S. Tallam, and J. E. Hall Role of Adrenergic Activity in Pressor Responses to Chronic Melanocortin Receptor Activation Hypertension, February 1, 2004; 43(2): 370 - 375. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. da Silva, J. J. Kuo, L. S. Tallam, and J. E. Hall Role of Endothelin-1 in Blood Pressure Regulation in a Rat Model of Visceral Obesity and Hypertension Hypertension, February 1, 2004; 43(2): 383 - 387. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. A. Hsueh and D. Bruemmer Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor {gamma}: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Hypertension, February 1, 2004; 43(2): 297 - 305. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Aneja, F. El-Atat, S. I. McFarlane, and J. R. Sowers Hypertension and Obesity Recent Prog. Horm. Res., January 1, 2004; 59(1): 169 - 205. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Wolk, A. S.M. Shamsuzzaman, and V. K. Somers Obesity, Sleep Apnea, and Hypertension Hypertension, December 1, 2003; 42(6): 1067 - 1074. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Plut, C. Ribiere, Y. Giudicelli, and J.-P. Dausse Hypothalamic Leptin Receptor and Signaling Molecule Expressions in Cafeteria Diet-Fed Rats J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., November 1, 2003; 307(2): 544 - 549. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Marsh, M. A.P. Fontes, S. Killinger, D. B. Pawlak, J. W. Polson, and R. A.L. Dampney Cardiovascular Responses Evoked by Leptin Acting on Neurons in the Ventromedial and Dorsomedial Hypothalamus Hypertension, October 1, 2003; 42(4): 488 - 493. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. A. Barouch, D. E. Berkowitz, R. W. Harrison, C. P. O'Donnell, and J. M. Hare Disruption of Leptin Signaling Contributes to Cardiac Hypertrophy Independently of Body Weight in Mice Circulation, August 12, 2003; 108(6): 754 - 759. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Rahmouni, W. G. Haynes, D. A. Morgan, and A. L. Mark Role of Melanocortin-4 Receptors in Mediating Renal Sympathoactivation to Leptin and Insulin J. Neurosci., July 9, 2003; 23(14): 5998 - 6004. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Fernandez-Real and W. Ricart Insulin Resistance and Chronic Cardiovascular Inflammatory Syndrome Endocr. Rev., June 1, 2003; 24(3): 278 - 301. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. J. Lyon, R. E. Law, and W. A. Hsueh Minireview: Adiposity, Inflammation, and Atherogenesis Endocrinology, June 1, 2003; 144(6): 2195 - 2200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Coatmellec-Taglioni, J.-P. Dausse, Y. Giudicelli, and C. Ribiere Sexual Dimorphism in Cafeteria Diet-Induced Hypertension Is Associated with Gender-Related Difference in Renal Leptin Receptor Down-Regulation J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., April 1, 2003; 305(1): 362 - 367. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Kuo, O. B. Jones, and J. E. Hall Chronic cardiovascular and renal actions of leptin during hyperinsulinemia Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, April 1, 2003; 284(4): R1037 - R1042. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Shirasaka, M. Takasaki, and H. Kannan Cardiovascular effects of leptin and orexins Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, March 1, 2003; 284(3): R639 - R651. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. Hall The Kidney, Hypertension, and Obesity Hypertension, March 1, 2003; 41(3): 625 - 633. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Kuo, A. A. Silva, and J. E. Hall Hypothalamic Melanocortin Receptors and Chronic Regulation of Arterial Pressure and Renal Function Hypertension, March 1, 2003; 41(3): 768 - 774. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Fortuno, A. Rodriguez, J. Gomez-Ambrosi, P. Muniz, J. Salvador, J. Diez, and G. Fruhbeck Leptin Inhibits Angiotensin II-Induced Intracellular Calcium Increase and Vasoconstriction in the Rat Aorta Endocrinology, September 1, 2002; 143(9): 3555 - 3560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Shintani, H. Ikegami, T. Fujisawa, Y. Kawaguchi, M. Ohishi, T. Katsuya, J. Higaki, K. Shimamoto, and T. Ogihara Leptin Gene Polymorphism Is Associated with Hypertension Independent of Obesity J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2002; 87(6): 2909 - 2912. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. L. Mark and W. I. Sivitz Uncoupling Metabolism and Coupling Leptin to Cardiovascular Disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 2002; 22(6): 881 - 883. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Bernal-Mizrachi, S. Weng, B. Li, L. A. Nolte, C. Feng, T. Coleman, J. O. Holloszy, and C. F. Semenkovich Respiratory Uncoupling Lowers Blood Pressure Through a Leptin-Dependent Mechanism in Genetically Obese Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 2002; 22(6): 961 - 968. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Quehenberger, M. Exner, R. Sunder-Plassmann, K. Ruzicka, C. Bieglmayer, G. Endler, C. Muellner, W. Speiser, and O. Wagner Leptin Induces Endothelin-1 in Endothelial Cells In Vitro Circ. Res., April 5, 2002; 90(6): 711 - 718. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L.G. Correia, W. G. Haynes, K. Rahmouni, D. A. Morgan, W. I. Sivitz, and A. L. Mark The Concept of Selective Leptin Resistance: Evidence From Agouti Yellow Obese Mice Diabetes, February 1, 2002; 51(2): 439 - 442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Carlyle, O. B. Jones, J. J. Kuo, and J. E. Hall Chronic Cardiovascular and Renal Actions of Leptin: Role of Adrenergic Activity Hypertension, February 1, 2002; 39(2): 496 - 501. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. E. Wold, D. P. Relling, J. Duan, F. L. Norby, and J. Ren Abrogated Leptin-Induced Cardiac Contractile Response in Ventricular Myocytes Under Spontaneous Hypertension: Role of JAK/STAT Pathway Hypertension, January 1, 2002; 39(1): 69 - 74. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Swoap Altered leptin signaling is sufficient, but not required, for hypotension associated with caloric restriction Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2001; 281(6): H2473 - H2479. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Mitchell, D. A. Morgan, M. L.G. Correia, A. L. Mark, W. I. Sivitz, and W. G. Haynes Does Leptin Stimulate Nitric Oxide to Oppose the Effects of Sympathetic Activation? Hypertension, November 1, 2001; 38(5): 1081 - 1086. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L.G. Correia, D. A. Morgan, J. L. Mitchell, W. I. Sivitz, A. L. Mark, and W. G. Haynes Role of Corticotrophin-Releasing Factor in Effects of Leptin on Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Arterial Pressure Hypertension, September 1, 2001; 38(3): 384 - 388. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Winnicki, B. G. Phillips, V. Accurso, P. van de Borne, A. Shamsuzzaman, K. Patil, K. Narkiewicz, and V. K. Somers Independent Association Between Plasma Leptin Levels and Heart Rate in Heart Transplant Recipients Circulation, July 24, 2001; 104(4): 384 - 386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Sonmez, U. Kisa, G. Uckaya, T. Eyileten, B. Comert, B. Koc, F. Kocabalkan, and M. Ozata Effects of losartan treatment on T-cell activities and plasma leptin concentrations in primary hypertension Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, June 1, 2001; 2(2): 112 - 116. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Hotta, T. Funahashi, N. L. Bodkin, H. K. Ortmeyer, Y. Arita, B. C. Hansen, and Y. Matsuzawa Circulating Concentrations of the Adipocyte Protein Adiponectin Are Decreased in Parallel With Reduced Insulin Sensitivity During the Progression to Type 2 Diabetes in Rhesus Monkeys Diabetes, May 1, 2001; 50(5): 1126 - 1133. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. G. Correia, D. A. Morgan, W. I. Sivitz, A. L. Mark, and W. G. Haynes Leptin Acts in the Central Nervous System to Produce Dose-Dependent Changes in Arterial Pressure Hypertension, March 1, 2001; 37(3): 936 - 942. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Overton, T. D. Williams, J. B. Chambers, and M. E. Rashotte Central Leptin Infusion Attenuates the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Effects of Fasting in Rats Hypertension, February 1, 2001; 37(2): 663 - 669. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Kuo, O. B. Jones, and J. E. Hall Inhibition of NO Synthesis Enhances Chronic Cardiovascular and Renal Actions of Leptin Hypertension, February 1, 2001; 37(2): 670 - 676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. W. Nickola, L. E. Wold, P. B. Colligan, G.-J. Wang, W. K. Samson, and J. Ren Leptin Attenuates Cardiac Contraction in Rat Ventricular Myocytes : Role of NO Hypertension, October 1, 2000; 36(4): 501 - 505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Rosmond, Y. C. Chagnon, G. Holm, M. Chagnon, L. Pérusse, K. Lindell, B. Carlsson, C. Bouchard, and P. Björntorp Hypertension in Obesity and the Leptin Receptor Gene Locus J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2000; 85(9): 3126 - 3131. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Anim-Nyame, S.R. Sooranna, P.J. Steer, and M.R. Johnson Longitudinal analysis of maternal plasma leptin concentrations during normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia Hum. Reprod., September 1, 2000; 15(9): 2033 - 2036. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Stenvinkel Leptin and blood pressure--is there a link? Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., August 1, 2000; 15(8): 1115 - 1117. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. G. Phillips, M. Kato, K. Narkiewicz, I. Choe, and V. K. Somers Increases in leptin levels, sympathetic drive, and weight gain in obstructive sleep apnea Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2000; 279(1): H234 - H237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Paolisso, D. Manzella, N. Montano, A. Gambardella, and M. Varricchio Plasma Leptin Concentrations and Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System in Healthy Subjects with Different Body Weights J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2000; 85(5): 1810 - 1814. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Matsumura, I. Abe, T. Tsuchihashi, and M. Fujishima Central effects of leptin on cardiovascular and neurohormonal responses in conscious rabbits Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, May 1, 2000; 278(5): R1314 - R1320. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. N. Vgontzas, D. A. Papanicolaou, E. O. Bixler, K. Hopper, A. Lotsikas, H.-M. Lin, A. Kales, and G. P. Chrousos Sleep Apnea and Daytime Sleepiness and Fatigue: Relation to Visceral Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Hypercytokinemia J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2000; 85(3): 1151 - 1158. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Uckaya, M. Ozata, A. Sonmez, C. Kinalp, T. Eyileten, N. Bingol, B. Koc, F. Kocabalkan, and I. C. Ozdemir Is Leptin Associated with Hypertensive Retinopathy? J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2000; 85(2): 683 - 687. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. D. Williams, J. B. Chambers, O. L. May, R. P. Henderson, M. E. Rashotte, and J. M. Overton Concurrent reductions in blood pressure and metabolic rate during fasting in the unrestrained SHR Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, January 1, 2000; 278(1): R255 - R262. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Shirasaka, M. Nakazato, S. Matsukura, M. Takasaki, and H. Kannan Sympathetic and cardiovascular actions of orexins in conscious rats Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 1999; 277(6): R1780 - R1785. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Paolisso, M. R. Tagliamonte, M. Galderisi, G. A. Zito, A. Petrocelli, C. Carella, O. de Divitiis, and M. Varricchio Plasma Leptin Level Is Associated With Myocardial Wall Thickness in Hypertensive Insulin-Resistant Men Hypertension, November 1, 1999; 34(5): 1047 - 1052. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Soderberg, B. Ahren, B. Stegmayr, O. Johnson, P.-G. Wiklund, L. Weinehall, G. Hallmans, and T. Olsson Leptin Is a Risk Marker for First-Ever Hemorrhagic Stroke in a Population-Based Cohort Stroke, February 1, 1999; 30(2): 328 - 337. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. L. Mark, M. Correia, D. A. Morgan, R. A. Shaffer, and W. G. Haynes Obesity-Induced Hypertension : New Concepts From the Emerging Biology of Obesity Hypertension, January 1, 1999; 33(1): 537 - 541. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Villarreal, G. Reams, R. H. Freeman, and A. Taraben Renal effects of leptin in normotensive, hypertensive, and obese rats Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 1998; 275(6): R2056 - R2060. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Smith, V. Mollaret, and A. V. Ferguson Leptin acts in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to induce gastric mucosal damage Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 1998; 275(6): R2081 - R2084. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Mise, N. Sagawa, T. Matsumoto, S. Yura, H. Nanno, H. Itoh, T. Mori, H. Masuzaki, K. Hosoda, Y. Ogawa, et al. Augmented Placental Production of Leptin in Preeclampsia: Possible Involvement of Placental Hypoxia J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 1998; 83(9): 3225 - 3229. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Quehenberger, M. Exner, R. Sunder-Plassmann, K. Ruzicka, C. Bieglmayer, G. Endler, C. Muellner, W. Speiser, and O. Wagner Leptin Induces Endothelin-1 in Endothelial Cells In Vitro Circ. Res., April 5, 2002; 90(6): 711 - 718. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|