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(Hypertension. 1998;32:998-1002.)
© 1998 American Heart Association, Inc.
Scientific Contributions |
Blood Pressure in Spain
Distribution, Awareness, Control, and Benefits of a Reduction in Average Pressure
From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid (J.R.B., J.J. de la C.T., P.G.C., J. del R.C.); and the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad del País Vasco, Vitoria (F.R.-A.), Spain.
Correspondence to Dr José R. Banegas, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avda Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28029 Madrid, Spain. E-mail joseramon.banegas{at}uam.es
Abstract—Distribution of blood
pressure (as per US Joint National Committee VI classification and
staging criteria) plus awareness, treatment, and control of
hypertension were studied in a representative Spanish
population sample of 2021 persons (age range, 35 to 64 years). Pressure
was determined in accordance with World Health Organization guidelines.
A total of 45.1% of subjects were hypertensive (
140/90
mm Hg or undergoing drug therapy); 12% had isolated systolic
hypertension, and 8.7% had isolated diastolic
hypertension. Pulse pressure was 48.7 mm Hg. Heart rate was 81.4
bpm in untreated hypertensives and 78.9 bpm in normotensives
(P<0.05). A substantial proportion of the community
burden of blood pressure was attributable to stage 1 (28.3% of
subjects), the most frequent category of hypertension, and to the
high-normal blood pressure group (17% of subjects). A percentage
breakdown showed that among hypertensives, 44.5% were aware of their
condition; of these, 71.9% were undergoing drug therapy, and of those
being treated, only 15.5% were controlled (5% of hypertensives). Not
only are these figures consistent with the fact that Spain has
a higher cerebrovascular mortality than other countries such as the
United States, but they represent a great potential for
improvement, particularly among those groups registering relatively
worse data (younger men, rural residents, and unskilled professionals).
A decrease of only 1 to 4 mm Hg in average blood pressure could
reduce the prevalence of hypertension in Spain by 12.4% to
15.4%.
Key Words: hypertension, arterial • blood pressure • prevalence • cross-sectional studies • awareness
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