(Hypertension. 1999;33:1364-1368.)
© 1999 American Heart Association, Inc.
Scientific Contributions |
Cortisol Effects on Body Mass, Blood Pressure, and Cholesterol in the General Population
From the MRC Blood Pressure Group, Western Infirmary (R.F., M.C.I., N.H.A., E.D., J.M.C.C.)and MONICA Project (C.M.), Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
Correspondence to Dr Robert Fraser, MRC Blood Pressure Group, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, Scotland, UK.
Abstract—The effects of excess
cortisol secretion on blood pressure and fat deposition are well
documented, but the importance of this glucocorticoid in controlling
these processes in normal individuals is less clear. We studied the
relationship between cortisol excretion rate (tetrahydrocortisol
[THF]+allo-THF+tetrahydrocortisone [THE]) and a range of important
cardiovascular risk factors in 439 normal subjects (238
male) sampled from the North of Glasgow (Scotland) population.
There were marked gender differences: female subjects were lighter and
had lower blood pressures and cortisol levels, whereas HDL
cholesterol was higher. The pattern of cortisol
metabolism was also different; the index of
11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity (THF+allo-THF/THE) was
lower and that of 5
-reductase (allo-THF/THF) was higher. There was a
strong correlation of blood pressure (positive),
cholesterol (positive), and HDL cholesterol
(negative in women, positive in men) with age. Cortisol excretion rate
did not correlate with blood pressure but correlated strongly with
parameters of body habitus (body mass index and waist and
hip measurements [positive]) and HDL cholesterol
(negative). With multiple regression analysis, there remained a
significant association of cortisol excretion rate with HDL
cholesterol in men and women and with body mass index in
men. These results suggest that glucocorticoids regulate key components
of cardiovascular risk.
Key Words: glucocorticoids • blood pressure • body mass index • cholesterol
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