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(Hypertension. 1999;34:1208.)
© 1999 American Heart Association, Inc.

Scientific Contributions

Insulin and Diastolic Dysfunction in Lean and Obese Hypertensives

Genetic Influence

Anna M. Grandi; Paolo Zanzi; Anna Fachinetti; Giovanni Gaudio; Luca Ceriani; Andrea Bertolini; Luigina Guasti; Achille Venco

From Internal Medicine (A.M.G., P.Z., G.G., A.B., L.G., A.V.), Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, and the Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.F., L.C.), Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy.

Correspondence to Anna M. Grandi, MD, via Bagaini 15, 21100 Varese, Italy.

Abstract—We investigated the influence of genetic predisposition to hypertension by studying the relation between insulin sensitivity and left ventricular (LV) mass and function in untreated lean and obese hypertensives. We selected 50 lean hypertensives with normotensive parents (negative family history of hypertension [F-]), 64 lean hypertensives with 1 or both parents hypertensive (positive family history of hypertension [F+]), 40 obese F- hypertensives, and 43 obese F+ hypertensives. The 4 groups were comparable regarding age, gender, 24-hour blood pressure profile, and known duration of hypertension. We measured glucose, insulin, and C-peptide during fasting and during an oral glucose tolerance test; LV morphology and function were assessed by digitized M-mode echocardiography. Glucose (fasting and test) levels were normal in all and similar among the 4 groups. Insulin and C-peptide (fasting and stimulated) levels were higher in obese hypertensives than in lean hypertensives; at similar body mass index, insulin and C-peptide levels were higher in F+ than in F- groups. Compared with lean hypertensives, obese hypertensives had greater LV mass index; LV systolic function was normal in all and similar among the groups. The indices of LV diastolic function were significantly lower in F+ than in F- groups. LV mass index did not correlate with metabolic parameters; the indices of LV diastolic function were inversely correlated with insulin area during test in only the 2 F+ groups. In conclusion, genetic predisposition to hypertension is associated with a reduced insulin sensitivity and affects the response of the myocardium to increased insulin levels, inducing a greater impairment of diastolic function. Insulin sensitivity and genetic predisposition to hypertension seem to have no influence on LV mass.

Key Words: insulin • diastole • hypertension, essential • obesity • hypertrophy

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