(Hypertension. 2000;35:858.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Scientific Contributions |
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop on Sodium and Blood Pressure
A Critical Review of Current Scientific Evidence
From Boston University School of Medicine (A.V.C.), Boston, Mass; the Center for Nursing Research (M.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Md; and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
Key Words: blood pressure • cardiovascular diseases • sodium
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Introduction |
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The Workshop on Sodium and Blood Pressure was convened by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in Bethesda, Md, on January 28 and 29, 1999, to update earlier reviews of this topic.1 2 3 Other topics covered were sodium intake in relation to other cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-CVD conditions, research needs, and public policy considerations. More than 55 invited speakers and other attendees from the United States and abroad reviewed and discussed the scientific information. This review synthesizes the presentations and discussions.
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Overview of Relation Between Sodium and Blood Pressure |
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Epidemiological studies conducted over the past 50 years have shown a clear curvilinear relation of higher adult blood pressure (BP) levels to higher rates of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, heart failure, and kidney failure. A continuous relation is apparent from below the 120/80 mm Hg level. Thus, a significant portion of CVD occurs in persons whose BP has not reached the arbitrary 140/90 mm Hg level defining hypertension. Studies show unequivocally that lowering high BP in hypertensive patients can reduce the likelihood of developing or dying from CVD, including CHD and stroke. Dietary factors in individuals and in the population at large have important effects on BP levels, which are generally assumed to translate to CVD risk. For the nonhypertensive subset, a population-wide approach to lowering BP (an approach based on lifestyle modifications that have been shown to prevent or delay increases in BP) could affect the total CVD burden as much as or more than treating only those with established hypertension.
There is an abundance
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