(Hypertension. 2000;36:137.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Scientific Contributions |
Hypertension Risk Status and Effect of Caffeine on Blood Pressure
From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Medicine (T.R.H., G.A.P., T.W., W.R.L.), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City; and Department of Medicine (B.H.S., M.F.W.), State University of New York and Millard Fillmore Health Care System, Buffalo.
Correspondence to William R. Lovallo, PhD, Veterans Affairs Medical Center (151A), 921 Northeast 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104. E-mail bill{at}oubsci6.vahsc.ouhsc.edu
Abstract—We compared the acute
effects of caffeine on arterial blood pressure (BP) in 5
hypertension risk groups composed of a total of 182 men. We identified
73 men with optimal BP, 28 with normal BP, 36 with high-normal BP, and
27 with stage 1 hypertension on the basis of resting BP; in addition,
we included 18 men with diagnosed hypertension from a hypertension
clinic. During caffeine testing, BP was measured after 20 minutes of
rest and again at 45 to 60 minutes after the oral administration of
caffeine (3.3 mg/kg or a fixed dose of 250 mg for an average dose of
260 mg). Caffeine raised both systolic and
diastolic BP (SBP and DBP, respectively;
P<0.0001 for both) in all groups. However, an ANCOVA
revealed that the strongest response to caffeine was observed among
diagnosed men, followed by the stage 1 and high-normal groups and then
by the normal and optimal groups (SBP
F4,175=5.06,
P<0.0001; DBP F4,175=3.02,
P<0.02). Indeed, diagnosed hypertensive men had a
pre-to-postdrug change in BP that was >1.5 times greater than the
optimal group. The potential clinical relevance of caffeine-induced BP
changes is seen in the BPs that reached the hypertensive range (SBP
140 mm Hg or DBP 90 mm Hg) after caffeine. During the
predrug baseline, 78% of diagnosed hypertensive men and 4% of stage 1
men were hypertensive, whereas no others were hypertensive. After
caffeine ingestion, 19% of the high-normal, 15% of the stage 1, and
89% of the diagnosed hypertensive groups fell into the hypertensive
range. All subjects from the optimal and normal groups remained
normotensive. We conclude that hypertension risk status should take
priority in future research regarding pressor effects of dietary intake
of caffeine.
Key Words: caffeine • diet • hypertension, detection and control • blood pressure
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