Published online before print January 27, 2003, doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000052833.20759.64
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(Hypertension. 2003;41:341.)
© 2003 American Heart Association, Inc.
Scientific Contributions |
Antioxidant-Rich Diet Relieves Hypertension and Reduces Renal Immune Infiltration in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
From Renal Service and Laboratory, Hospital Universitario, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (Fundacite-Zulia), Universidad del Zulia (B.R.-I., Y.Q.), Maracaibo, Venezuela; and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, University of California (C.-D.Z., R.K.S., N.D.V.), Irvine.
Correspondence to Dr Bernardo Rodríguez-Iturbe, Renal Service and Laboratory, Hospital Universitario, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (Fundacite-Zulia), Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela. E-mail bri{at}iamnet.com
Previous studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress contributes to hypertension and treatments with either antioxidant or immunosuppressive/anti-inflammatory agents improve hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The present study was performed to determine if the antihypertensive effects of an antioxidant-rich diet are associated with reduction in the renal immune infiltration. Rats were divided into experimental groups (n=5 each) that were followed 7 months after birth, during which they were fed either a regular or antioxidant-enriched (test) diet as follows: SHR-R group=regular diet; SHR-T group=test diet throughout the experiment; SHR-S group=test diet for 4 months switched to regular diet thereafter; WKY group=control rats given regular diet. The SHR-T rats showed a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (mm Hg): SHR-T=179.6±12.9 versus SHR-R=207.5±9.6 (P<0.001) and plasma hydrogen peroxide concentration (SHR-T=15±4 µmol/L versus 34±9 in SHR-R rats). This was accompanied by significant reductions of renal tissue nitrotyrosine abundance, tubulointerstitial infiltration (cells/mm2) of lymphocytes (SHR-T=18±3 versus SHR-R=30±4, P<0.001), macrophages (SHR-T= 17±3 versus SHR-R=22±3), and angiotensin II–positive cells (SHR-T= 17±2 versus SHR-R=25±5, P<0.01). Results in the SHR-S group were intermediate between the SHR-R and SHR-T groups. The intensity of the infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, and angiotensin II–positive cells significantly correlated with systolic blood pressure. Thus, the present study demonstrates that an antioxidant-enriched diet reduces the renal interstitial inflammation and improves hypertension in SHR. These findings point to interrelation between oxidative stress and inflammatory reactivity in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
Key Words: antioxidants • lymphocytes • macrophages • immune systems • kidney • rats, spontaneously hypertensive
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