Published online before print March 3, 2003, doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000060866.69947.D1
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(Hypertension. 2003;41:879.)
© 2003 American Heart Association, Inc.
Brief Technical Report |
Exercising Restraint in Measuring Blood Pressure in Conscious Mice
From the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (V.G.), Berlin; and Franz Volhard Clinic HELIOS Klinikum-Berlin Medical Faculty of the Charité, Humboldt University of Berlin (F.C.L.), Berlin, Germany.
Correspondence to Friedrich C. Luft, MD, Franz Volhard Clinic, Wiltbergstr. 50, 13125 Berlin, Germany. E-mail luft@fvk-berlin.de
An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract. |
A rat’s tail is a slender appendage on which the weight of so much research in hypertension hangs, yet blood pressure measurements recorded from it are usually taken for granted, often abused, but seldom discussed," observed Buang in an earlier commentary.1 The same methodology has now been adapted to mice. Restraining the animals is a serious problem. A 7-day training period is recommended to accustom the animals to the restrainers.2–4 Nevertheless, heart rates recorded while mice are in a restrainer are higher than those in the resting state.3 Furthermore, blood pressures also appear to be higher, even though coaxing the animals into restrainers becomes easier day-to-day.5 A blood pressure–elevating effect of restrainers has been observed in the rat.6 Telemetric blood pressure and heart rate solves this problem.6
We made telemetric measurements of blood pressure and heart rate on four 129Sv/J mice outfitted with telemetry as described earlier.7 The purpose of our observations was to test the notion that "conditioning" might lessen the effects of restraint on blood pressure and heart rate. After an initial 120-minute control period, the mice were placed for 30 minutes in a 25-mm wide, 110-mm long lucite restrainer. Thereafter blood pressure and heart rate were recorded for an additional 120 minutes. We made daily recordings, 10 recordings for each mouse during 2 weeks. To judge the influence of restraint, we used the heart rate (HR) and the mean arterial pressure (MAP). In mice, tail-cuff pressure correlates well with MAP, according to earlier reports.2,3 Data (mean±SEM) were
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