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(Hypertension. 2007;50:1106.)
© 2007 American Heart Association, Inc.

Original Articles

Heterogeneity of Aldosterone-Producing Adenomas Revealed by a Whole Transcriptome Analysis

Livia Lenzini; Teresa M. Seccia; Enrico Aldighieri; Anna S. Belloni; Paolo Bernante; Luisa Giuliani; Gastone G. Nussdorfer; Achille C. Pessina; Gian Paolo Rossi

From the Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (DMCS-Internal Medicine 4) (L.L., T.M.S., E.A., L.G., A.C.P., G.P.R.), Section of Anatomy, Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology (A.S.B., G.G.N.), and Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (Surgical Pathology) (P.B.), School of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.

Correspondence to Gian Paolo Rossi, DMCS-Clinica Medica 4, University Hospital, via Giustiniani, 2, 35126 Padova, Italy. E-mail gianpaolo.rossi{at}unipd.it

Aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) are a common cause of arterial hypertension, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown, although a transcriptional modulation of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) has been suggested. Aldosterone synthesis involves 2 main rate-limiting steps: cholesterol transport into mitochondria and CYP11B2 gene transcription. Evidence supports a role of Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CAMKs) in the regulation of angiotensin II– and potassium-stimulated aldosterone production. CAMK-I mediates CYP11B2 transcription via cAMP response element binding protein and activating transcription factor 1 transcription factors and nuclear receptor Nur-related factor 1. CAMK-II affects cholesterol transport into mitochondria by acting on steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and/or cytoskeleton proteins. We analyzed the whole transcriptome of APAs as compared with a pool of normal human adrenocortical tissues. Based on steroidogenic enzyme gene expression profiles, we identified 2 APA subgroups: 1 featuring overexpression of CYP11B2, CAMK-I, 11-ß-hydroxylase, 3-ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and 21-hydroxylase and the underexpression of CAMK-IIB and the other one with an opposite profile. The low CYP11B2 group exhibited a longer known duration of hypertension and a lower rate of long-term cure. Thus, aldosterone overproduction in APAs involves complex alterations of aldosterone synthesis regulation rather than simply increased aldosterone synthase gene expression. Whether the molecular signature of APA carries prognostic information is worth further investigation.

Key Words: secondary hypertension • gene expression profiling • aldosterone • aldosteronism • tumors