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(Hypertension. 2008;51:1506.)
© 2008 American Heart Association, Inc.

Original Articles

Acute Effects of Passive Smoking on Peripheral Vascular Function

Jean-François Argacha; Dionysios Adamopoulos; Marko Gujic; David Fontaine; Nadia Amyai; Guy Berkenboom; Philippe van de Borne

From the Department of Cardiology, Erasme Hospital (J.-F.A., D.A., M.G., N.A., G.B., P.v.d.B.), and Laboratory of Pharmacology and Physiology (D.F.), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.

Correspondence to Jean-François Argacha, Department of Cardiology, Erasme Hospital, 808 Lennik St, 1070 Brussels, Belgium. E-mail jfxa{at}skynet.be

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) acutely affects peripheral and coronary vascular tone. Whether ETS exerts specific deleterious effects on aortic wave reflection through nicotine exposure, whether they persist after ETS cessation, and whether the smoke environment impairs microvascular function and increases asymmetrical dimethyl-arginine levels are not known. We tested these hypotheses in a randomized, crossover study design in 11 healthy male nonsmokers. The effects of 1 hour of exposure to ETS, as compared with a nontobacco smoke and normal air, on augmentation index corrected for heart rate and skin microvascular hyperemia to local heating were examined. Augmentation index increased both during (P=0.01) and after (P<0.01) the ETS session but remained unchanged in the nontobacco smoke session when compared with normal air. Nicotine levels after the exposure were related to the peak rise in augmentation index (r=0.84; P<0.01), denoting a predominant role of nicotine in ETS vascular effects. This was confirmed in a second set of experiments (n=14), where the sublingual administration of nicotine was associated with an acute impairment in wave reflection as compared with placebo (P=0.001). Both ETS and nontobacco smokes increased plasma asymmetrical dimethyl-arginine levels (P<0.001), but only ETS reduced the late rise in skin blood flow in response to heating (P=0.03). In conclusion, passive smoking specifically increases aortic wave reflection through a nicotine-dependent pathway and impairs microvascular function, even after the end of the exposure. However, both tobacco and nontobacco passive smoking inhalation increase plasma asymmetrical dimethyl-arginine levels.

Key Words: passive smoking • nicotine • endothelium • wave reflection • nitric oxide

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