Published online before print October 13, 2008, doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.116251
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(Hypertension. 2008;52:889.)
© 2008 American Heart Association, Inc.
Original Articles |
Neonatal Oxygen Exposure in Rats Leads to Cardiovascular and Renal Alterations in Adulthood
From the Research Center (C.Y., B.C., G.C., J-C.L., N.G., Y.T.S., J.W., A.M.N.), CHU Sainte-Justine, Departments of Pediatrics and Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut de Recherche Clinique de Montréal (C.D.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Kidney Research Center (R.M.T.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and and INSERM (M.L.-P.), U872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris 6, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France. Current addresses: Service de Réanimation Pédiatrique et Néonatale (G.C.), Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France; and INRA (B.C.), Centre Clermont-Ferrand – Theix, UMR1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, St Genès Champanelle, France.
Correspondence to Anne Monique Nuyt, Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5. E-mail anne-monique.nuyt{at}recherche-ste-justine.qc.ca
Long-term vascular and renal consequences of neonatal oxidative injury are unknown. Using a rat model, we sought to investigate whether vascular function and blood pressure are altered in adult rats exposed to hyperoxic conditions as neonates. We also questioned whether neonatal O2 injury causes long-term renal damage, important in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Sprague-Dawley pups were kept with their mother in 80% O2 or room air from days 3 to 10 postnatal, and blood pressure was measured (tail cuff) from weeks 7 to 15. Rats were euthanized, and vascular reactivity (ex vivo carotid rings), oxidative stress (lucigenin chemiluminescence and dihydroethidium fluorescence), microvascular density (tibialis anterior muscle), and nephron count were studied. In male and female rats exposed to O2 as newborns, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were increased (by an average of 15 mm Hg); ex vivo, maximal vasoconstriction (both genders) and sensitivity (males only) specific to angiotensin II were increased; endothelium-dependant vasodilatation to carbachol but not to NO-donor sodium nitroprussiate was impaired; superoxide dismutase analogue prevented vascular dysfunction to angiotensin II and carbachol; vascular superoxide production was higher; and capillary density (by 30%) and number of nephrons per kidney (by 25%) were decreased. These data suggest that neonatal hyperoxia leads in the adult rat to increased blood pressure, vascular dysfunction, microvascular rarefaction, and reduced nephron number in both genders. Our findings support the hypothesis of developmental programming of adult cardiovascular and renal diseases and provide new insights into the potential role of oxidative stress in this process.
Key Words: hypertension • vascular dysfunction • developmental origin of adult onset disease • oxygen • angiotensin • microvascular rarefaction • nephron number
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Hypertension 2008 52: 808-810.
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  S. T. Davidge, J. S. Morton, and C. F. Rueda-Clausen Oxygen and Perinatal Origins of Adulthood Diseases: Is Oxidative Stress the Unifying Element? Hypertension, November 1, 2008; 52(5): 808 - 810. [Full Text] [PDF]
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