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Hypertension, Vol 7, 707-713, Copyright © 1985 by American Heart Association
IB Puddey, LJ Beilin, R Vandongen, IL Rouse and P Rogers
A direct pressor effect of alcohol is proposed as the basis for the
association between regular alcohol consumption and an increase in blood
pressure found in population studies. To examine this further, a randomized
controlled crossover trial of the effects of varying alcohol intake on
blood pressure in 46 healthy male drinkers was conducted. From an average
of 336 ml of ethanol per week, alcohol consumption was reduced by 80% for 6
weeks by drinking a low alcohol content beer alone. This reduction was
associated with a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood
pressure (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05 respectively). The mean
difference in supine systolic blood pressure during the last 2 weeks of
normal or low alcohol intake was 3.8 mm Hg, which correlated significantly
with change in alcohol consumption (r = 0.53, p less than 0.001). Reduction
of alcohol intake also caused a significant decrease in weight (p less than
0.001). After adjustment for weight change, an independent effect of
alcohol on systolic but not diastolic blood pressure was still evident,
with a 3.1 mm Hg fall predicted for a decrease in consumption from 350 ml
of ethanol equivalent per week to 70 ml per week (p less than 0.01).
Systolic blood pressure rose again when normal drinking habits were
resumed. These results provide clear evidence for a direct and reversible
pressor effect of regular moderate alcohol consumption in normotensive men
and suggest that alcohol may play a major role in the genesis of early
stages of blood pressure elevation.
ARTICLES
Evidence for a direct effect of alcohol consumption on blood pressure in normotensive men. A randomized controlled trial
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