on April 2, 2007
Published online before print April 2, 2007, doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.106.080432
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Submitted on September 25, 2006
From the Division of Hypertension (P.L.H., J.S.R., J.J., M.A.F., Premere.K., J.E.R., S.K., J.R., E.R., S.C., C.O., O.O., Patricia.K., D.L., R.G.V.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Dallas; African-American Studies Department (R.P.W.), College of Social Sciences, San José State University, San José, Calif; the Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine (R.W.H.), and Division of Community Outreach, Department of Health Care Science, Allied Health, Science School (A.F.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas; and the Association of Black Cardiologists, Inc (K.C.F.), Atlanta, Ga. * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ronald.victor{at}utsouthwestern.edu.
Abstract--Barbershops constitute potential sites for community health promotion programs targeting hypertension (HTN) in black men, but such programs have not been evaluated previously. Here we conducted 2 nonrandomized feasibility studies to determine whether an enhanced intervention program of continuous blood pressure (BP) monitoring and peer-based health messaging in a barbershop lowers BP more than standard screening and health education (study 1) and can be implemented by barbers rather than research personnel (study 2). In study 1, we measured changes in HTN treatment and BP in regular barbershop customers with poorly controlled HTN assigned for 8 months to either an enhanced intervention group (n=36) or a contemporaneous comparison group (n=27). Groups were similar at baseline. BP fell by 16±3/9±2 mm Hg in the enhanced intervention group but was unchanged in the comparison group (P<0.0001, adjusted for age and body mass index). HTN treatment and control increased from 47% to 92% (P<0.001) and 19% to 58% (P<0.001), respectively, in the enhanced intervention group, whereas both remained unchanged in the comparison group. In study 2, barbers were trained to administer the enhanced intervention continuously for 14 months to the entire adult black male clientele (n=321) in 1 shop. Six barbers recorded 8953 BP checks during 11 066 haircuts, thus demonstrating a high degree of intervention fidelity. Furthermore, among 107 regular customers with HTN, treatment and control increased progressively with increasing intervention exposure (P<0.01). Taken together, these data suggest that black-owned barbershops can be transformed into effective HTN detection, referral, and follow-up centers. Further research is warranted.
Revised on October 11, 2006
Barbershops as Hypertension Detection, Referral, and Follow-Up Centers for Black Men
Paul L. Hess;
Key words: population science • special populations • blood pressure measurement/monitoring • blacks • hypertension
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