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Letters to the Editor

Reactive Oxygen Species and Angiotensin II Response in Human Omental Arteries: What About Tachyphylaxis?

Koen Verdonk, A.H. Jan Danser
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https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.187187
Hypertension. 2012;59:e16
Originally published January 18, 2012
Koen Verdonk
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A.H. Jan Danser
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To the Editor:

With great interest we read the recent article in Hypertension by Mishra et al.1 They report an enhanced omental artery constrictor response to angiotensin II in preeclamptic women versus normal pregnant women, which they attribute to reactive oxygen species (ROS) activation of the RhoA kinase pathway. To reach this conclusion, they constructed 2 consecutive concentration-response curves to angiotensin II (0.001–10 μmol/L) in endothelium-intact omental arteries, 1 in the absence and 1 in the presence of either the ROS scavengers superoxide dismutase (SOD) + catalase or the RhoA kinase inhibitor Y-27632. This approach ignores the well-known angiotensin II–induced tachyphylaxis, which normally does not allow the construction of 2 identical angiotensin II concentration-response curves in a row in the same vessel. In fact, tachyphylaxis often already starts to occur at angiotensin II concentrations >1 μmol/L during the construction of the first concentration-response curve. An alternative explanation of the blocking effects of SOD + catalase or Y-27632 might therefore be that angiotensin II was no longer capable of inducing any vasoconstrictor effect, for example, because of rapid internalization of angiotensin II type 1 receptors.2,3

Second, the application of SOD and catalase to the vessel chamber assumes that these enzymes are capable of reaching the intracellular sites of ROS production and/or that ROS are secreted to the extracellular space. In earlier studies in human coronary arteries, we were unable to show an effect of the cell-permeable SOD-mimetic Tempol on angiotensin II–induced vasoconstriction.4 Moreover, endogenous H2O2, if anything, dilated human coronary arteries (possibly reflecting its function as endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor5), and the addition of xanthine + xanthine oxidase similarly relaxed preconstricted human coronary arteries. Mishra et al1 have tested the consequences of ROS generation by adding hypoxanthine + xanthine oxidase to endothelium-denuded omental arteries, which, according to the expanded Materials and Methods section, display “clean” responses to angiotensin II not hampered by tachyphylaxis. This approach will generate ROS in the organ bath, and, thus, it is not surprising that the extracellular application of SOD + catalase prevents the consequences of such generation. To fully appreciate the findings, however, the authors should preferably (1) include a second angiotensin II concentration-response curve in the absence of inhibitors, both in intact and endothelium-denuded vessels, to rule out the possibility that blockade in reality represents desensitization, and (2) show that the extracellular application of SOD + catalase truly lowers the levels of superoxide and H2O2 in omental arteries.

Koen Verdonk
A.H. Jan Danser
Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC
Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Disclosures

None.

Footnotes

  • Letters to the Editor will be published, if suitable, as space permits. They should not exceed 1000 words (typed double-spaced) in length and may be subject to editing or abridgment.

  • © 2011 American Heart Association, Inc.

References

  1. 1.↵
    1. Mishra N,
    2. Nugent WH,
    3. Mahavadi S,
    4. Walsh SW
    . Mechanisms of enhanced vascular reactivity in preeclampsia. Hypertension. 2011;58:867–873.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  2. 2.↵
    1. Hunyady L,
    2. Bor M,
    3. Balla T,
    4. Catt KJ
    . Identification of a cytoplasmic Ser-Thr-Leu motif that determines agonist-induced internalization of the AT1 angiotensin receptor. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:31378–31382.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  3. 3.↵
    1. van Kats JP,
    2. van Meegen JR,
    3. Verdouw PD,
    4. Duncker DJ,
    5. Schalekamp MADH,
    6. Danser AHJ
    . Subcellular localization of angiotensin II in kidney and adrenal. J Hypertens. 2001;19:583–589.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  4. 4.↵
    1. Schuijt MP,
    2. Tom B,
    3. de Vries R,
    4. Saxena PR,
    5. Sluiter W,
    6. van Kats JP,
    7. Danser AHJ
    . Superoxide does not mediate the acute vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin II: a study in human and porcine arteries. J Hypertens. 2003;21:2335–2344.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  5. 5.↵
    1. Matoba T,
    2. Shimokawa H,
    3. Nakashima M,
    4. Hirakawa Y,
    5. Mukai Y,
    6. Hirano K,
    7. Kanaide H,
    8. Takeshita A
    . Hydrogen peroxide is an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in mice. J Clin Invest. 2000;106:1521–1530.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
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February 2012, Volume 59, Issue 2
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    Reactive Oxygen Species and Angiotensin II Response in Human Omental Arteries: What About Tachyphylaxis?
    Koen Verdonk and A.H. Jan Danser
    Hypertension. 2012;59:e16, originally published January 18, 2012
    https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.187187

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    Reactive Oxygen Species and Angiotensin II Response in Human Omental Arteries: What About Tachyphylaxis?
    Koen Verdonk and A.H. Jan Danser
    Hypertension. 2012;59:e16, originally published January 18, 2012
    https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.187187
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